How the Panama Canal Expansion is Threatening Panama’s Ecosystem and Water Supply

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Panama is having a crucial problem right

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now that could affect their puddle of

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water for half of Panama's population

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due to the expansion of the Panama Canal

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in 2016 that led to invasive saltwater

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species getting into

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a freshwater resource

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that's not only displacing fishermen but

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also affecting the quality of water that

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is coming into Panama.

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We're going to talk about it on today's

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episode of the How to Protect the Ocean

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podcast. Let's start the show.

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Hey everybody, welcome back to another

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exciting episode of How to

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Protect the Ocean podcast.

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I'm your host Andrew Lewin. This is the

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podcast where you find out what's

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happening with the ocean,

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how you can speak up for the ocean, what

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you can do to live for a

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better ocean by taking action.

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On today's episode, we're going to be

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talking about the Panama Canal, not

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because the US wants to take it over

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and maybe after they find this out, they

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may not want to take it over, which

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they're not going to, let's be honest.

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But we're talking about the Panama Canal

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because of a 2016 expansion that had a

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design to accommodate larger vessels that

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inadvertently facilitated the migration

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of saltwater fish from both the Atlantic

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and the Pacific into a

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lake called Lake Gatun.

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I think I'm pronouncing that properly.

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It's a canals primary freshwater

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reservoir and this ecological fish is

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displacing native freshwater species and

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adversely affecting local communities.

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And also on top of that, it could

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threaten the potable water situation,

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which is the drinkable water situation

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and usable water situation for the half

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of Panama's population.

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This could be big. This could be very

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scary in the future if it's not

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addressed. And so let's talk about what

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happened before we do, though, if you are

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new to this podcast that we produce and

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publish Monday, Wednesdays and Fridays,

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you want to find out more about how you

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can protect the ocean and find out more

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about the ocean and increase your what we

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call ocean literacy, increase your

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knowledge about the ocean.

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So please feel free to go speak up for

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blue.com. Check out all of our episodes.

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We have over 1700 episodes and there's

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other podcasts on there as well that you

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might be interested in. So check it out

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speak up for blue.com.

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Let's get back into the show. This is

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something that I feel like is really

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important because it's something that you

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don't always see ahead of time. If you

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don't do a good job addressing the

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potential issues that

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could happen in the future.

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So when the Panama Canal expansion

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happened normally, and I assume it went

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through because I didn't get the

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information on it, but normally you would

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do an environmental assessment like you

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would do for any kind of development. You

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would find out what the strengths are,

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what the potential consequences are.

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This is one of the consequences that

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could have come out from one of those if

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they were done thoroughly. Again, I don't

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know if it was done thoroughly or not. I

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couldn't get a hold of one and I couldn't

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find out if one was

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done. I assume it was done.

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However, what eventually happened was we

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started to see saltwater incursion into

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their freshwater Lake Gattun, which has a

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lot of other different fish. It has

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peacock bass and tilapia, which local

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communities actually fish and eat. Those

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species are being displaced by snooks,

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jacks and snappers who if you know those

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species, they are saltwater species. That

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means there's marine water, saltwater

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that's getting into fresh water that's

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obviously going to change the dynamics of

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that ecosystem and that habitat.

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Getting rid of freshwater species because

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they can't handle the salt and bring in

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more saltwater species. Not only is that

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a problem, but they're coming in from the

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Atlantic and they're

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coming in from the Pacific.

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So you're getting not only a mix of

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saltwater, but you're getting a mix of

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species that could potentially cross into

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each other's oceans through the Panama

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Canal. So Atlantic species could get into

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the Pacific. Pacific species

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could get into the Atlantic.

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That could be a very big problem when it

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comes to invasive species. If you don't

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know what invasive species is, a species

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that gets into a system that doesn't

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normally live there and that could do

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very well in that system.

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And there are a lot of examples probably

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the most important or one of the most

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recently popular species that has done

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this is the lionfish. Lionfish normally

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is from the Indo-Pacific and it will eat

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a lot of smaller fish around there.

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And it's not dominant within those

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systems, but it does well within those

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systems. It's a predator within those

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systems. The lionfish is a very popular

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marine hobby fish that you find in tanks

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all around North America

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and all around the world.

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In North America, it is said that two or

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more lionfish were actually released into

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the ocean from those tanks, like the

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people who were done with it and they

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just released into the ocean. Not

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thinking that, hey, you know what? Those

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species don't belong there and they're

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probably going to die

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anyway or get eaten.

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But actually they reproduced and they

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lived and somehow they went all the way

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from like the lower half of the southeast

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of the US all the way down into the

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Caribbean where they proliferated very

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well. They did very well in those areas.

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And now they are dominating reefs in many

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places. If you go diving the Dominican,

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you go diving in Jamaica pretty much

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anywhere within the Caribbean, you can

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pretty much find a lionfish. They're

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pretty much everywhere.

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And there are a lot of people who go and

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hunt them and try and get and try and

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reduce their population, but they do so

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well. They end up eating a lot of other

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smaller reef fish, which affects the

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ecosystem of the

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Caribbean reefs, to be honest.

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And so they're a big problem in the

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Atlantic and in the Caribbean. Now you

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talk about if Atlantic species like

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lionfish gets into the Pacific on that

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side. And normally they're in the Indo

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Pacific, so near Indonesia and so forth.

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If they get into the Pacific, like the

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Eastern Pacific, which is like the side

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of North and South America where the

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Panama Canal comes out, they can go all

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the way up the coast or all the way down

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the coast and they can

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invade those systems as well.

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And this is why invasive species are so

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dangerous, right? So there's the threat

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of invasive species crossing the Atlantic

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and going into the Pacific or just

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species that are crossing the Atlantic

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going into Lake Khatun and then coming

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out of the Pacific and vice versa.

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Those become invasive species and they

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could proliferate very well in those

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areas. And then all of a sudden, now you

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have a lot of different invasive species.

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You lose biodiversity within each

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different oceans or

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those sections of the oceans.

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And you don't get a productive system.

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You don't get a healthy ecosystem. You

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can get a very affected ecosystem that

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can be impacted. And we don't want that.

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Let's go back into the fishing aspect for

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the local community. The article that I'm

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going to put in the show notes, talk to a

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couple of fishermen, including Felix

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Martinez Gonzalez, who

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reported dwindling catches.

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He said recently hauling in only 16

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pounds of fish over six hours, which was

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a stark decline from the pre-expansion

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yields. So in sports fishing guides like

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Elswaldo, Alberto Robles also noted

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intensified competition with numerous

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boats vying for scarce fish

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exacerbating resource depletion.

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So that means there are more people going

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out to fish the same fish and they're not

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as many fish. So there's more competition

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between boats or between fishermen. And

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that's becoming a problem as well. That

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can lead to a lot of conflicts.

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So obviously seeing this type of impact

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from the local fishing community as well

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as potential of invasive species and then

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just the dwindling of local species is

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very concerning when we talk about like

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such an important human creation in terms

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of the Panama Canal to connect the

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Atlantic and Pacific shipping lanes.

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This is a big part because we need the

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Panama Canal and we're affecting local

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communities where we could be introducing

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invasive species, which Panama Canal has

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always had to be careful of anyway

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because you're allowing ships to go from

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the Atlantic to the Pacific right away.

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But also you are affecting the potable

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water, which is like the drinkable and

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usable water for half the population of

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Panama. That is not a good thing. That's

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something that could be very, very

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dangerous in the future. It could affect

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a lot of people, obviously.

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There's a lot of people in Panama and

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also be dangerous. Just absolutely be

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dangerous to a lot of people. So they're

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going to have to figure out some type of

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response, some type of mitigation

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measures. And there have been looking at

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it. So Panamanian authorities are

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exploring different types of solutions.

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The environment minister Juan Carlos

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Navarro emphasizes a measured yet urgent

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approach encapsulated in the Spanish

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proverb, I get dressed slowly because I'm

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in a hurry. I don't know exactly what

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that means, but I assume that the

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intervention has to be done properly.

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So we have to take our time, but it has

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to be done as quickly as possible. That's

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how I interpret that. But I'd love to

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hear your thoughts too. You can just

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leave them in the comments below. But the

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potential interventions include

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installing barriers such as electric

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fields or even an air bubble curtain to

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prevent fish from getting in or to deter

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the movement of saltwater species into

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freshwater zones. However, these methods

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may impede shipping traffic and their

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effectiveness remains uncertain. So

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obviously more studies have to be done

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there. But again, we

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have to move quickly.

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Dr. Bela Galil, an expert on similar

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issues in the Suez Canal underscores a

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long term commitment required to manage

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invasive species warning that inaction

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could lead to destroyed areas. Obviously

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the situation underscores the complex

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problem and interplay between the

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infrastructural development and

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environmental stewardship.

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Highlighting the necessity for

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comprehensive planning before you do

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expansion and to mitigate an unintended

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ecological consequences. I don't know

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what happened before.

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That's the mystery in here.

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But regardless of what happened, it

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wasn't effective enough to predict or

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deter this type of consequence and

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invasive species potentially the lack of

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fish for local fishermen, but also the

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danger of impeding or affecting potable

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water for half of a country.

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This is a big consequence for this Panama

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Canal and it really underscores why we

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need to do proper planning before we do

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an expansion like this. It should have

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been avoided. But I would love to hear

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your thoughts. You can leave them in the

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comments below or you

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01:09:13,416 --> 01:09:14,583
can hit me up on Instagram.

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DM me at how to protect the ocean. That's

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01:09:17,000 --> 01:09:18,541
at how to protect the ocean. If you're

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01:09:18,541 --> 01:09:20,083
watching this on YouTube, please feel

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01:09:20,083 --> 01:09:21,708
free to subscribe and hit that

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notification bell. So you get an episode

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Monday, Wednesday and Friday, especially

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if you're watching this on Spotify.

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Follow and then of course you can watch

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01:09:29,500 --> 01:09:31,000
the video and you can hear the audio and

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01:09:31,000 --> 01:09:32,291
of course you can hear the audio on all

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of your favorite podcasts apps, including

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Apple, Amazon music and so forth. So do

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01:09:36,625 --> 01:09:38,541
that. And I'd love to see you doing that.

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If you are subscribed or follow any on

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01:09:41,000 --> 01:09:42,625
your favorite podcast app, just send me a

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01:09:42,625 --> 01:09:44,375
pic DM it to me at how to protect the

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ocean. I'd love to hear from you. I'd

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01:09:45,541 --> 01:09:47,125
love to see that. But anyway, I want to

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thank you so much for joining me on

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01:09:48,416 --> 01:09:50,000
today's episode of the how to protect the

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01:09:50,000 --> 01:09:51,916
ocean podcast. I'm your host, Andrew from

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the true North strong and free. Have a

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01:09:53,458 --> 01:09:54,791
great day. We'll talk to you next time

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and happy conservation.