Plastic Pollution Clean Up Through Absorption

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Plastic pollution in the ocean is a huge, huge problem. But

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microplastics has become an even bigger problem because of

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the sheer size and the size of the surface area of the toxins that

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are on these microplastics. And they get into everything.

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There have been scientific reports that said, hey, you know what? Microplastics are even in

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air molecules, in sea salt. It's just everywhere. They're getting into

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our lungs. They're getting into our system. It's affecting our health overall. There

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is a global plastic treaty that has just wrapped up its fourth meeting

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to see if we could actually get agreement internationally to ban

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certain types of plastics and have a plan internationally to

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get rid of these plastics that are not only polluting our ocean but polluting

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our bodies. And today we're going to be talking about ways to actually extract

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microplastics from the ocean and will they actually work

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that's the one question that we always have we had another company

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a while ago the ocean cleanup that said hey we can actually clean up all the

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ocean plastics in the pacific gyre that still hasn't happened

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yet and they're still working on and they've basically just come up with a with

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a method of fishing which isn't really helping and

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won't really help in the long term but people are putting loads

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and loads of money because this is a problem that we have to solve whether it's

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the right thing to do or the right way of doing it or not people are trying to figure

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out ways to solve it there's a new article in IFL science that

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I want to cover today which looks at how to bind with

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microplastics certain I guess certain I guess chemicals I

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guess you call or materials like I believe it's

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Chitin as well as the cotton materials in

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cotton to be able to absorb and bind So it's gonna be an interesting topic to

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talk about on today's episode of the how to protect the ocean podcast Let's start

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the show Hey

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everybody, welcome back to another exciting episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast. I'm

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your host Andrew Lo and this is the podcast where you find out what's happening with the ocean, how

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you can speak up for the ocean and what you can do to live for a better ocean by

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taking action. And today we're going to be talking about microplastics, something

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that is really interesting. I've been talking about for a long time in

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terms of ocean plastic pollution and microplastics and how it affects the

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environment, our environment. our bodies, it is

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crazy. And if you wanna find out more information on the ocean and plastic, you

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can go to our website, speakupforblue.com, find out

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all the information you need, episodes that we've done in the past, whether it's video, whether

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it's audio, there's always something for you to listen to or watch and

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also read. There's all material on that podcast, including

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other podcasts. It's all on the website, speakupforblue.com. And

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if you wanna get information to your inbox, and Monday to

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Friday at 8 a.m. Eastern, you can get articles that

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are what's going on in the ocean you can find out our latest episodes you

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can find out the latest job advertisements all you have to do is go to

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speak up for blue.com forward slash newsletter to find

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out how you can sign up for free and I don't share your emails with anybody for

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free and get access to to that, to your inbox, to

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all that information on the ocean. The reason why I'm doing this is really to

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bring you information, like act as a resource to bring you information on

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ocean conservation, not just ocean education, you know, talking about wildlife

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and all that. There's a lot of people who do that. The goal for me is really to

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bring conservation to you. and the little things that people are

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doing, especially from a solution standpoint, things like projects, things that

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people are doing, they're trying to undertake. Some things may work out, some

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things may not work out, but it's always good to talk about them and

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to build on them, because that's science, right? We build on things, we

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criticize things, we build on things, and hopefully we can get to

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something that's really great. And in this case, you know, we're talking about

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a topic that I don't know a lot in terms of like engineering our

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way and innovating our way to get to ocean solutions. I

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am not an engineer, I am not a chemist, but today we're going to be talking about materials

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that can help bind microplastics to help them get absorbed out

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of the ocean and into a proper way of disposing

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of them, if there really is a proper way of disposing of them. There's

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a lot of problems with plastics. The first is the amount of plastics that

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we use in our daily life. With all these solutions that

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I'm proposing, and people who are professionals in the plastic conservation

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and reduction, they're gonna say the first thing we gotta do is refuse to

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use single-use plastics. Refuse to use plastics at all

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times. And that includes in our clothes, that includes in our food

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or containers, that includes in our drinking bottles. It's

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just a number of things. It includes pretty much And

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just to let you know, plastics is a petroleum product. It is a product

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that is made from fossil fuels, from petroleum,

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and is made into materials that we use. A lot of

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that is not disposed of properly, and the chemicals could leach

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out and cause problems to our own bodies, problems to animal bodies.

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and problems to the environment in general. So nasty chemicals made

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up from those, that make up those products, and so we need to

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stop using them in the first place. That's the first way to

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really put a dent in the amount of microplastics and plastics

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that get into the ocean. The second thing is we have to look

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at how to actually extract microplastics from

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the ocean and the first thing to do is get it where it starts to enter and

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that is into the river systems. Now there are places like four oceans

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and other places that go around and clean up plastics whether

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they're large plastics or microplastics they do their best to get as

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much as possible and they make materials from that and

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they do their best to remake those materials or reuse those materials So

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when you can't refuse, you reuse as much as possible and you

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remake them into something that's inspiring to help them do their

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business. So 4Ocean, I did an interview with Alex Schultz, you can check it

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out up here and you can find out how that company

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works and what they're doing. Again, we still have to stop using microplastics and

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plastics in general. But companies like 4Ocean really

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do a great job in helping us get their stuff out. And they

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work along riversides and river mouths to try and make

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sure that the entrance into the ocean before it gets into this vast, vast

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ocean that covers over 70% of the planet, they work

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at getting those plastics out before they can break down into microplastics. and

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that's essentially what happens right when it goes into the ocean it hits the

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sun it hits the salt water the plastic breaks down with the wave action and

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just getting pushed all over the place sometimes sinking down it

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breaks down into smaller pieces of plastics called microplastics it

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has a larger surface area because it's so small and the chemicals leach

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out into the ocean or into the animal that is ingested by and

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it gets into their system and it can eventually kill them if it

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builds up enough. We wanna stay away from that as much as possible. But

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how do we actually extract it out when it gets into such a big area? It's

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very difficult to do. But there is a method that this

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article in IFLScience is covering, and

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I'm gonna link to it in the show notes and in the description below, but

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it's really cool. It talks about using the absorption

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power of cotton and the ability to

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bind, like chitin, from squid to say, hey, you

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know what, we can actually absorb these materials. It's a really, really

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interesting way of looking at it. It's a solution that's eco-friendly, and

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it borrows from the secrets of soaking up skills from cotton and, of

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course, squid, which is a really a very different way of

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looking at it. And so because microplastics are such a difficult problem, it

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looks like the sponge-like foam that borrows the soaking

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skills of cotton and squid may be a promising candidate, as

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it was found to remove 98 to 99.9% of

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microplastics from water samples that were studied. Now, of course, these are just

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water samples. This is not the entire ocean. So on a scale that big,

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we just don't know how to do that. But maybe we can figure out

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ways, like I said, getting into the mouths of rivers or even sooner

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than that to get microplastics before they get into the ocean. So what's

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more, the foam is sustainable and environmentally adaptable without

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carrying the Newstown Zone destroying risk of ocean hovering

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approaches. This is referring to the Ocean Cleanup Project. And

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when you first looked at the first model of the Ocean Cleanup, project was

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essentially this automatic boat that had

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these large boom arms that would go out and they would just

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try to corral everything into the middle into sort of this

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like a net like material. They would take everything at the surface or

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really the top I believe it was three meters at the time or maybe

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three feet I think I believe it was three meters at the time so I had to net that that

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below. When they first rolled it out, they said, hey, it's not going to harm

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animals at all because it moves so slowly that animals can get out.

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There's these animals, invertebrates called newstins, and they can't get

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out of the way. And so one of the major criticisms when they started showing

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pictures from this boom arm mechanism working,

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Dr. Rebecca Helm was one of the scientists that looked at

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the pictures and started identifying animals that were in these

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boom arms and saying, hey, you know what? You are actually hurting animals. We can

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see it right there. these animals are important to the environment and

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into the ocean environment and removing them without having someone there to

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try and get them out is just not a feasible way of doing things when

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you really look at it. So you are harming animals which is said it didn't it

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did an environmental assessment quote-unquote. And

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it said it didn't do any harm to animals, but obviously it did. So that was

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referring to that. Also while targeting microplastics already

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in the environment, it could use to treat water at factories

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before it gets released. So that's even more interesting. So

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any kind of plastics that are in the water that before it

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goes out into the river systems can also work. So working to both

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reduce the microplastics already in nature and those being leaked into

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it. So this has a lot of upside here so far. One of the authors said,

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microplastics entering terrestrial and aquatic habitats are anticipated

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to continuously increase for thousands of years due to

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the alarming volumes of plastic waste in the environment, around 4.5 billion

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metric tons, and the difficulty of degrading under

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natural conditions. So that's one of the quotes. So it

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goes on to say, the planet is under great threat from microplastics and

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aquatic ecosystems are the first to suffer. As they provide convenient places

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for microplastics, which can combine with other contaminants and

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it be ingested by multiple levels of organisms. The development of

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a widely adaptive approaches for microplastic remediation in

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aqueous environments is urgently demanded. Now there is a really

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interesting graphic on here, so I highly recommend that you go to the thing.

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I'll pop it up in the video here in terms of how it actually binds

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using cotton and the chitin from squid. These

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materials are easily replicable, which is great. So

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essentially what happens is it makes this sort of this homogenized material

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you know without crossing it and then it goes into then again i'm not

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a chemist but essentially it goes into this this fibrous foam and

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then it it binds to the microplastic and those kind of stay in

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those interactions which is really great now it can be reused which

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is also nice to know i don't know what this would look like like it doesn't give

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a good concept of what it would look like when it's being deployed into

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water, like what this material would look like, or if it's just chemicals and

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then all of a sudden it comes in and it binds, I have no idea what it's supposed to

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look like. This is fairly new, and so I think it's something

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that we'd have to look into, but I don't know what it actually looks like.

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But to address the demand, they create a sponge-like substance called

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CT cell biomass, a foam that

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combines two substances found in nature. Cellulose from cotton and

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chitin from squid are famously squishy, but inside

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their soft tissues is a small pen-shaped skeleton made of

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chitin. So the two substances stuck together nicely when

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the team broke out their original hydrogen bonds and induced

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intermolecular interactions of cellulose and chitin, creating

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a stable framework with loads of activated hydrogen bonding sites

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for microplastics absorption. So that's how it gets, essentially they

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bind together, you strip the hydrogen bonds from them, they bind together and

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then they form these other hydrogen bonds that that bind to the microplastics. So

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by running absorption tests as well as computational studies, they

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observed that it could capture microplastics in several ways,

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physical interception, electrostatic attraction, as well

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as multiple intermolecular interactions. Essentially, this

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thing's going to be sticky, is really what it sounds like, and there's multiple ways

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for it to connect, which I think is really interesting. The CT to foam has

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great potential to be used in the extraction of microplastic from

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complex water bodies. Thus, our design principles would

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facilitate the future development of practical and sustainable strategies based

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on biomass foams to address microplastic pollution. I want to

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temper this a little bit. this is a really interesting interesting study

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this is something that i feel like has potential i

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don't know all the ins and outs of this project so please don't say

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that andrew approves of this project there's going to be a lot of testing that happens and

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how do you do it at scale there is like when i tell you

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there are microplastics in the ocean i can't tell you

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enough how large of a distribution,

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these microplastics are. They have been found. Plastics have been found at

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the bottom of the Mariana Trench. It's the deepest part of the ocean that we've been

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to. It is everywhere. So to be

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able to say, hey, we can innovate our way out of this just by

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using this method, no. This is part of, this is a tool

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in the conservation tool belt, as I like to say. The biggest thing

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that we need to do is remove these

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plastics, these microplastics, by not using them. Refusing

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to use plastics and especially when it comes to different

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ways Like we we use plastics when it comes becomes convenient to

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use plastics. We use them in our you know, drinking drinks we

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you know people when we buy from coffee shops when we

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buy a convenience stores like energy drinks and Vitamin

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waters and Gatorades and things like that. They come in plastic bottles. These

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are all bad for us and the environment They're not necessary. We

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used to sell things in glass bottles, but those are too heavy for transportation. So

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it costs a lot more This is more for the cost of

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the company to say, hey, it's actually cheaper to ship all these. We can

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get these out more and more. Soda bottles and things like that, plastic

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bottles, not good for us. But when I say from an individual level, we talk a

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lot, and a lot of people say, well, you have to stop. You have to do this. You have to do this. We

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are in a system that's built on plastic. And so what we need

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to do is really talk to our government representatives and

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that might be harder these days than in some places than it was before but

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microplastics need to be phased out that's why international agreements

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like the global plastic treaty is such an important part of our

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lives or will be such an important lives in the future hoping that

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this last meeting in south korea went better

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than the one in Ottawa and hopefully there's something that's going to be drawn up

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shortly and be ratified by a number of governments around

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the world so that we can see more plastic action. I'm very happy

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to say that the Canadian government has taken action and has become

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a leader in this field, but it's still new and there's still lots of

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work to be done and it's being met with a lot of challenges and

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a lot of restrictions and resistance and I think we need

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to fight a little bit more. And that comes from the people, that comes from the people Motivating the

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government to say hey, we need something to be done about this because this is not

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good for us I know it makes money for a lot of the companies, but it's not good for

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us And we need to really look out for our own health. So that's what I'm

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gonna talk about for today I thought this article was interesting. I haven't covered

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in a while something on IFL science So I highly

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recommend that you check out the site. I'm not being sponsored by them by any means

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I'm just I just like the site. I like I like getting the the emails

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and the broadcast channels on Facebook and Instagram and be able to get that

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information to you. So I'll probably be covering more of

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their articles. But I want to thank the Eiffel Science. I want to thank the writer, Rachel

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Funnell. And also I want to thank you for listening to this episode. I'd

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love to hear what you thought of this episode and this topic of

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mycoplastics. Let me know. Just hit me up on Instagram at howtoprotecttheocean.

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And of course, if you want to Join us more and get more of

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our of our episodes. You can subscribe to us on YouTube and

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click that notification bill so you don't miss any of our new episodes Monday, Wednesday

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and Friday, as well as you can subscribe to us on and follow us on

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Apple podcasts, on Spotify, on your favorite podcasting app. We

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are there all the time. So feel free to comment where you can hit

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me up on on Instagram and at how to protect the ocean. And

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again, I want to thank you so much for joining me on today's episode of the how to protect the ocean

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podcast. I am your host Angelo and have a great day. We'll talk to you next time and