Polar Bears Affected by Climate Change

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Polar bears in the western part of Hudson

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Bay in Canada are in trouble.

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In fact, their population has declined

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from 1,200 individuals

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to 600 individuals over

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the last four decades.

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On this episode of the How to Protect the

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Ocean podcast, we are

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going to discuss what

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the cause was, what the effect is, and

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how do we right the ship.

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Let's start the show.

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Hey, everybody.

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Welcome back to another exciting episode

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of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast.

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I'm your host, Andrew Lewin, and this is

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the podcast where you

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find out what's happening

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with the ocean, how you can speak up for

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the ocean, what you can

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do to live for a better

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ocean by taking action.

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And on today's episode, we're going to be

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talking about polar bears and the decline

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of a population in

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the western Hudson Bay.

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It's been studied for

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the last four decades.

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We have long-term data and we finally

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have the answer of how

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climate change is a polar

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bears. So we're going to talk all about that.

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But before we get into it, if you're new

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subscribe, hit that notification bell.

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But also, if you want more information on

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how to protect the

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ocean, you can go to our

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website speakupforblue.com.

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sign up for our newsletter.

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Let's get into the show.

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This is really what's happened.

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There were 1200

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individuals four decades ago.

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Now there are 600 individuals.

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And throughout my career as a marine

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biologist, including

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schooling, I always knew that polar

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bears were the canary in the

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coal mine for climate change.

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We knew that these massive animals, seven

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foot high, big bear,

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big white bear, strong,

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they can hunt from kilometers away.

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They will eat pretty much anything that

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comes in their way,

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but they prefer seals.

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They prefer those marine mammals that are

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in the sea that they

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can cast that are high

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in fatty tissue.

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That's what they want.

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That gives them their energy.

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It's harsh up in the Arctic.

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It is cold.

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It is windy.

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There's not a lot of food on the ground.

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So they go out to sea and they require

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sea ice to float out at sea.

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And over the last four decades, we've

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seen that decline of sea

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ice due to climate change.

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That's the warming of the

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planet causing ice to melt.

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So less ice is available.

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That means less ice floats are available

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for them to use to rest.

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This is what happens during

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a certain time of the year.

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The polar bears will come down to the

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Western part of the Hudson's Bay.

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They will wait for the

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ice floats to come in.

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So it's broken up ice that come in.

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They'll start swimming out and they'll

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rest on the sea ice.

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In fact, if they actually catch a seal,

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they will use the ice

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float to eat the seals.

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They have time and they can rest.

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It's hard to float when

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you're that big of an animal.

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And so you want to be able to rest and

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eat and enjoy your meal

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and then go back out and

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look for more hunt, right?

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This is a big part of their feeding.

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They need to hunt in the

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water and on ice floats.

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And if they can't do that,

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then they have a problem.

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Then they can't eat.

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They do not have the energy to actually

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go out at sea because

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they are not eating.

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So they start to waste away inside.

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There's not enough sea ice.

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They have to find enough for them to go

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back and say, "Hey, you know what?

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I need to find food.

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Where am I going to find food?

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I'll start looking on land."

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I'm not sure if you've seen the Arctic,

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but there's not a lot around.

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You get maybe some foxes.

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You might get some other bears around.

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You might get some wolves around.

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You might get some

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birds and stuff like that.

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Birds and berries.

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That's what they scour for.

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But there's not a lot around.

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And so they need to find

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the food as fast as they can.

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They need to find out the travel a lot.

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That means they're using

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more energy to find that food.

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And they found out that their energetic

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content is just a lot lower.

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There was a study out of the University

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of Toronto by Dr.

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Louise Archer, lead author

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of the study and an international

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postdoctoral fellow at the university.

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She said, "The melting of sea ice has

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shortened the polar bears

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feeding season, which has

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resulted in an energy deficit for the

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bears for longer stretches of the year."

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So researchers have actually known for

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sometimes that the

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population is in trouble.

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Peter Molnar, who is the senior author of

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the study and associate

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professor at the University

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of Toronto in Scarborough, they created a

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bioenergetic model that could incorporate

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the different ways the polar bears have

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been affected by the sea loss.

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So combined with analysis of four decades

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on research, which is

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a lot of data on the

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Hudson's Bay population, the scientists

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were able to determine

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the underlying mechanisms

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of driving these changes.

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When we run the numbers, we show a

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declining reproductive

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size in this region over the

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last four decades.

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What happens when you can't eat properly,

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you start to waste away.

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And if you start to waste away, your body

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starts to get really

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tight in terms of holding

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on to certain parts of your

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body that needs to survive.

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So that means your

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reproduction goes down.

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That means your overall health goes down.

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You lose a lot of your fatty tissue

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because your body's

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trying to dissolve that energy

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to try and survive and just try and use

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that energy up to get more food.

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But it's really difficult.

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So if a bear tries to catch a seal in

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open water, the seal

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will outswim the bear pretty

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much every time.

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It's got to be from the top into the

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water and drag the seal on top.

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That's not an easy thing to do, but it's

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easier for the polar

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bear because it can put

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its four paws or three paws on the sea

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ice and then dip one paw in.

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If you ever been to the zoo and you've

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seen polar bears at the

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zoo and you see they have

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like a toy, it's like

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enrichment essentially.

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And it's basically like a big bin, right?

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It's a plastic bin that has holes in it

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so it can get the water in.

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And what the polar bear will do is it'll

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dip its paw in and grab

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the barrel and lift it

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out and on top of the water.

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That's almost like a workout.

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It's almost like taking a dumbbell for

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it, although it weighs

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probably like a thousand

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pounds and it'll lift up the barrel and

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it's like lifting up the

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dumbbell and putting on

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the ground.

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It's kind of working out to practice

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using its paw to get the

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seal onto the ice float,

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right?

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Obviously they're not eating seals when

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they're in the zoo, but

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that's what they're trying

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to mimic.

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So it has that same

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type of body type, right?

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It has the same type of muscle memory

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when it starts to take things out.

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So it's always good to

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have that type of enrichment.

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So how do we fix this?

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It's not an easy fix and there are people

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out there that are working hard.

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So the first one is the

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polar bear international.

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So polar bear international is actually

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working really hard to try and help these

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polar bears survive

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and try and keep their

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population stable instead of declining.

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So they do things in about five different

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pillars, which I'll read off here.

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So they are big on to research.

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So PBI conducts scientific studies to

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understand polar bear behavior, health

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and public and population dynamics.

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Plus technology such as GPS collars and

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drones to monitor movements and assess

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the impacts of climate

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change on polar bear populations.

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They also to go through education through

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initiatives like Tugger Connections

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webcasts and the polar bear cam.

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PBI provides educational content of

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schools, communities and the public

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raising awareness about the challenges

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polar bears face in the

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importance of Arctic ecosystems.

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Advocacy. PBI engages with policymakers

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and international conservation groups to

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promote protective

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measures to polar bears.

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They participate in development of

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conservation strategies and provide

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scientific data to inform policy

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decisions and community

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engagement. Recognize the

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importance of local government.

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PBI collaborates with Arctic communities

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to develop systems to minimize human

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polar bear conflicts

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and support coexistence.

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And the last pillar public awareness

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campaigns. Events like the International

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Polar Bear Day on February 27th aim to

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highlight the effects of climate change

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on polar bears and encourage global

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action to reduce carbon emissions.

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So through these efforts, PBI strives to

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ensure a future where polar bears can

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continue to thrive in

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their natural habitats.

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This is not easy work. The biggest thing

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that we need to do is we need to cut down

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on climate change emissions.

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We need to engage with local communities

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to ensure that they are minimizing their

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contact with polar bears as they come

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more on land to hunt.

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As well as ensure that they are

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knowledgeable on what's happening and not

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just they are knowledgeable. Local

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communities teach scientists about their

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knowledge of polar bear movements and how

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that has changed over

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the last hundreds of years.

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For decades is a lot of information, but

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knowing that information over the last

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couple of centuries is really great.

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And local communities in these areas

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typically tend to be

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indigenous communities.

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They just have that knowledge going back

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for centuries through their storytelling.

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So it'll be really interesting to see how

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that knowledge exchange works to protect

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polar bears in the future.

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But the big part of it is we need to

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ensure that climate change is addressed

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because the Arctic is the

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first thing to start to feel it.

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We now know that the population of polar

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bears have declined by half over the past

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four decades and we don't

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want to lose these polar bears.

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These are very important predators to our

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ecosystem and they need to be there and

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we need to protect them.

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That's it for today's episode.

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I want to share that with you because I

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01:08:17,375 --> 01:08:18,541
think it's really important to know it's

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01:08:18,541 --> 01:08:20,416
not the best news, obviously, but it's

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01:08:20,416 --> 01:08:22,125
news that we need to know what's

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happening up in Hudson Bay and what's happening up in Hudson Bay.

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And what's happening with the loss of our

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sea ice and how that's

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affecting polar bear populations.

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If you have any questions or comments,

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please leave a comment down below either

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on YouTube or on Spotify.

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01:08:34,166 --> 01:08:35,166
And if you're listening on this on a

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01:08:35,166 --> 01:08:37,083
favorite podcast app, hit me up on

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01:08:37,083 --> 01:08:39,125
Instagram at how to protect the ocean.

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That's at how to protect the ocean.

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01:08:40,958 --> 01:08:42,708
And don't forget to hit subscribe and hit

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01:08:42,708 --> 01:08:44,541
that notification bell on YouTube so that

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01:08:44,541 --> 01:08:46,083
you don't miss any of the episodes we put

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01:08:46,083 --> 01:08:48,291
out Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

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01:08:48,291 --> 01:08:49,791
I want to thank you so much for joining

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01:08:49,791 --> 01:08:51,208
me on today's episode of the how to

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01:08:51,208 --> 01:08:52,250
protect the ocean from the

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01:08:52,250 --> 01:08:53,375
true North strong and free.

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01:08:53,416 --> 01:08:54,250
My name is Andrew.

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Have a great day.

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01:08:55,333 --> 01:08:55,875
We'll talk to you next

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01:08:55,875 --> 01:08:57,416
time and happy conservation.