April 8, 2025
Rare Intersex Southern Right Whale Discovered Through Genetic Testing
Intersex marine mammals are an exceptionally rare topic in marine biology, and in this episode, we dive into a groundbreaking discovery of an intersex southern right whale. The whale, sampled in 1989, was recently found to possess XY chromosomes...
Intersex marine mammals are an exceptionally rare topic in marine biology, and in this episode, we dive into a groundbreaking discovery of an intersex southern right whale. The whale, sampled in 1989, was recently found to possess XY chromosomes through genetic testing. This revelation opens up new conversations about sex differentiation in marine species and the complexities of whale biology that scientists are only beginning to uncover.
Southern right whale research has long been essential to ocean conservation, but this case adds an entirely new layer. Through a discussion of how genetic tests were used to identify the condition, we explore what this discovery means for marine science, the implications for studying biodiversity, and how it might shape future marine mammal research. Tune in to hear about a unique scientific moment that redefines our understanding of sex in the ocean world.
Link to article: https://nautil.us/discovering-the-first-intersex-southern-right-whale-1201412/
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Transcript
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We're going to be
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talking about an
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interesting
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discovery on
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today's episode
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of the how to
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protect the ocean
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podcast. We're
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gonna be talking
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about intersex
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marine mammals.
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That's right.
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We're gonna be
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talking about
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marine mammals
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that have the X
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XY chromosome
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because there was
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a new discovery
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that came out in
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a paper where
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marine biologists
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did a genetic
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test and found
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that a southern
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right whale that
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was sampled back
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in 1989 has X
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XY chromosomes.
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This is very rare
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in marine
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mammals. It's
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something that we
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have to talk
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about and we're
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going to talk
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about today. So
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let's start the
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show. Hey
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everybody,
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welcome back to
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another exciting
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episode of the
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how to protect
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the ocean
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podcast. I'm your
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host,
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Andrew Lewin.
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And this is a
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podcast where you
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find out what's
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happening with
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the ocean, how
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you can speak
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up for the ocean,
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what you need to
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do to live for a
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better ocean by
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taking
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action on today's
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episode, we're
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going to be
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talking about all
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things marine
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mammals and
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genetic testing
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and what in the
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world is an
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intersex
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organism. This is
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going to be a lot
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of fun. I
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know there's
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a lot of
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political debates
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around this and
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political talk
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around what is
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intersex? What's
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transgender? What
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is all this stuff
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around, you know,
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different types
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of genders
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and stuff.
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This is not the
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case. It's not
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one of those
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topics. We are
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going to be
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talking about
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intersex.
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This is not the
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same as
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transgender. This
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is not the same
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as anything that
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we're
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just talking
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about genetic
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material that has
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XXY chromosomes.
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Normally, XX
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chromosomes, a
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female XY
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chromosome
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is a male. So
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we're talking
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about animals
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that have the
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genetic material
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of XXY as
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well as some
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have noticeably
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seen having
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different both
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reproductive
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organs present at
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the time of death
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when they're
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actually in the
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crops because
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that's when we
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actually see what
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is
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happening. So we're
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going to talk
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about that today.
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Like I said, this
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is not a
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political thing.
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This is
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just what we
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discovered in
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science. I want
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to get that right
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up there because
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I know people in
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the comments are
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going to be like,
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you're just
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pushing an agenda
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that says nothing
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to do with any
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political agenda.
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This is science.
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This is what's
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been discovered
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and what I think
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is something
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that's pretty
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cool to help us
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understand these
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animals.
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We're going to
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just talk about,
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you know, how
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this all came to
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be. So 1989,
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researchers
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collected
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skin samples
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from southern
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right whales off
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the Argentina's
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Valdez Peninsula
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to study the
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species genetic
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diversity.
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So they're just
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looking at
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genetic
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diversity.
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Decades later in
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2022, Carla
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Crossman, a
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graduate student
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from St.
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Mary's University
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in Halifax, Nova
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Scotia, go
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Canada, analyzed
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these samples and
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encountered an
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anomaly
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with one whale
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labeled EAU10B.
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This initial
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chromosome
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analysis
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suggested that
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EAU10B was female
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possessing two X
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chromosomes,
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which is typical
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of females.
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However, further
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testing revealed
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the presence of
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the SRY gene
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typically found
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in Y chromosome
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and associated
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with male
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development.
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So doing even
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more further
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testing and
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figuring out that
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there is a Y
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chromosome, they
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just found out
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this individual
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has a chromosome
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configuration
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of XXY
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identifying it as
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the first
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documented
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intersex southern
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right whale. This
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is pretty cool.
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And it's very
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rare to find
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these types of
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intersex
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individuals in
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marine mammals
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because we don't
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really get to see
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and get a lot of
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genetic testing
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in marine
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mammals.
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Although further
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research has
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discovered that
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we can take more
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tissue samples
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and stuff, but
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it's very
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difficult to work
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with marine
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mammals for
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obvious reasons.
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They're not a lot
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in captivity. A
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lot of them are
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in the wild. It's
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very difficult to
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get samples in
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general.
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We're just
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discovering
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patterns of the
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species and
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really getting to
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know those
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species. So more
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genetic testing,
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I'm sure, will
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reveal this if
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it's tested. The
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one thing in this
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study, which was
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found in Nautilus
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magazine, by the
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way, I'll put the
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link in the
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show notes.
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It was
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interesting to
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see that a lot of
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animals are
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tested for, say,
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the double X
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chromosome if
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they think that
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they're a female
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or a male. And
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then once you
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know that there's
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two X
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chromosomes, you
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don't do any
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further testing.
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It wasn't until
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Carla figured,
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hey, look,
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there's something
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here that
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suggests that
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this may also be
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male. And so they
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did further
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testing, tested
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for that Y gene
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and found out
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that is double X
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Y. That's a
301
00:03:45,416 --> 00:03:46,083
really cool thing
302
00:03:46,083 --> 00:03:46,583
to do. It doesn't
303
00:03:46,583 --> 00:03:47,416
happen often. It
304
00:03:47,416 --> 00:03:47,958
just goes. I
305
00:03:47,958 --> 00:03:48,833
wonder how many
306
00:03:48,833 --> 00:03:49,541
individuals that
307
00:03:49,541 --> 00:03:50,208
we missed that
308
00:03:50,208 --> 00:03:50,625
could have been
309
00:03:50,625 --> 00:03:51,916
intersex, but we
310
00:03:51,916 --> 00:03:52,541
didn't further
311
00:03:52,541 --> 00:03:53,333
test. Right. We
312
00:03:53,333 --> 00:03:53,916
just tested for
313
00:03:53,916 --> 00:03:54,416
one side. We
314
00:03:54,416 --> 00:03:54,875
said, oh, it's
315
00:03:54,875 --> 00:03:55,458
got an X Y
316
00:03:55,458 --> 00:03:56,333
chromosome or
317
00:03:56,333 --> 00:03:57,250
it's got a double
318
00:03:57,250 --> 00:03:57,875
X chromosome. It
319
00:03:57,875 --> 00:03:58,541
must be females,
320
00:03:58,791 --> 00:03:59,208
must be male,
321
00:03:59,208 --> 00:03:59,833
depending on the
322
00:03:59,833 --> 00:04:00,166
chromosome
323
00:04:00,166 --> 00:04:00,833
configuration.
324
00:04:01,166 --> 00:04:01,708
Really simple
325
00:04:01,708 --> 00:04:02,750
stuff. Sometimes
326
00:04:02,750 --> 00:04:03,375
it's missed in
327
00:04:03,375 --> 00:04:04,125
science because, you know, why bother with that?
328
00:04:04,333 --> 00:04:06,041
You just assume
329
00:04:06,041 --> 00:04:06,458
that's going to
330
00:04:06,458 --> 00:04:06,958
happen. This is
331
00:04:06,958 --> 00:04:07,791
why we test as we
332
00:04:07,791 --> 00:04:08,958
continue to test.
333
00:04:08,958 --> 00:04:09,625
So kudos to Carla
334
00:04:09,625 --> 00:04:10,208
for doing that
335
00:04:10,208 --> 00:04:10,625
and really
336
00:04:10,625 --> 00:04:11,458
opening the eyes
337
00:04:11,458 --> 00:04:11,833
of other
338
00:04:11,833 --> 00:04:12,458
scientists to be
339
00:04:12,458 --> 00:04:13,083
like, hey, maybe
340
00:04:13,083 --> 00:04:13,916
we do see more
341
00:04:13,916 --> 00:04:14,333
intersect
342
00:04:14,333 --> 00:04:15,083
individuals, but
343
00:04:15,083 --> 00:04:15,708
we just don't
344
00:04:15,708 --> 00:04:16,208
know. We just
345
00:04:16,208 --> 00:04:16,958
don't test for
346
00:04:16,958 --> 00:04:17,750
them. So maybe
347
00:04:17,750 --> 00:04:18,500
that will be
348
00:04:18,500 --> 00:04:19,416
something to test
349
00:04:19,416 --> 00:04:20,083
for in the future
350
00:04:20,083 --> 00:04:21,041
as well as the
351
00:04:21,041 --> 00:04:21,666
other samples
352
00:04:21,666 --> 00:04:22,083
that have been
353
00:04:22,083 --> 00:04:23,291
preserved of that
354
00:04:23,291 --> 00:04:24,083
population to see
355
00:04:24,083 --> 00:04:24,541
if that is
356
00:04:24,541 --> 00:04:25,750
something that is
357
00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:26,458
normal. Now these
358
00:04:26,458 --> 00:04:27,583
species that are
359
00:04:27,583 --> 00:04:28,416
intersect tend
360
00:04:28,416 --> 00:04:29,208
not to be
361
00:04:29,208 --> 00:04:30,458
reproductive. So
362
00:04:30,458 --> 00:04:30,833
some of the
363
00:04:30,833 --> 00:04:31,250
reproductive
364
00:04:31,250 --> 00:04:31,791
organs that have
365
00:04:31,791 --> 00:04:32,541
been seen in the
366
00:04:32,541 --> 00:04:33,125
past, like in bottlenose dolphin, they're not.
367
00:04:33,166 --> 00:04:35,375
They've been seen
368
00:04:35,375 --> 00:04:36,500
in porpoises.
369
00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:36,916
They've been seen
370
00:04:36,916 --> 00:04:38,208
in seals often
371
00:04:38,208 --> 00:04:39,333
have both
372
00:04:39,333 --> 00:04:39,875
reproductive
373
00:04:39,875 --> 00:04:40,541
organs, but
374
00:04:40,541 --> 00:04:41,000
they're not fully
375
00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:41,791
developed. So
376
00:04:41,791 --> 00:04:42,500
indicating that
377
00:04:42,500 --> 00:04:43,041
they're not
378
00:04:43,041 --> 00:04:43,875
reproductive.
379
00:04:43,875 --> 00:04:44,625
However, we don't
380
00:04:44,625 --> 00:04:45,041
know if they're
381
00:04:45,041 --> 00:04:45,291
actually
382
00:04:45,291 --> 00:04:45,833
reproductive or
383
00:04:45,833 --> 00:04:46,208
not. We just
384
00:04:46,208 --> 00:04:47,166
assume based on
385
00:04:47,166 --> 00:04:47,833
the development
386
00:04:47,833 --> 00:04:48,625
that we see in
387
00:04:48,625 --> 00:04:49,083
front of us and
388
00:04:49,083 --> 00:04:49,666
scientists see in
389
00:04:49,666 --> 00:04:50,125
front of us. I've
390
00:04:50,125 --> 00:04:50,708
never done this
391
00:04:50,708 --> 00:04:51,166
type of study
392
00:04:51,166 --> 00:04:52,000
before. That's
393
00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:52,875
why I'm talking
394
00:04:52,875 --> 00:04:53,375
about it because
395
00:04:53,375 --> 00:04:53,875
I think it's kind
396
00:04:53,875 --> 00:04:54,833
of cool. But so
397
00:04:54,833 --> 00:04:55,458
that's something
398
00:04:55,458 --> 00:04:56,083
that we need to
399
00:04:56,083 --> 00:04:56,833
find out more
400
00:04:56,833 --> 00:04:57,541
about. Right.
401
00:04:57,541 --> 00:04:58,041
Because intersect
402
00:04:58,041 --> 00:04:59,000
species have been
403
00:04:59,000 --> 00:04:59,958
around for quite
404
00:04:59,958 --> 00:05:00,583
some time. We've
405
00:05:00,583 --> 00:05:01,000
seen them in
406
00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:01,125
freshwater systems are actually prolific. Freshwater
systems are actually very important.
407
00:05:01,166 --> 00:05:01,500
Freshwater
408
00:05:01,500 --> 00:05:02,208
systems are
409
00:05:02,208 --> 00:05:02,666
actually prolific
410
00:05:02,666 --> 00:05:03,208
freshwater
411
00:05:03,208 --> 00:05:04,375
systems studies
412
00:05:04,375 --> 00:05:05,041
by the US
413
00:05:05,041 --> 00:05:05,875
Geological Survey
414
00:05:05,875 --> 00:05:07,041
revealed that the
415
00:05:07,041 --> 00:05:07,625
male smallmouth
416
00:05:07,625 --> 00:05:08,208
bass in
417
00:05:08,208 --> 00:05:09,041
Pennsylvania is
418
00:05:09,041 --> 00:05:10,916
Suska Hana. Suska
419
00:05:10,916 --> 00:05:11,375
Hana. I think
420
00:05:11,375 --> 00:05:12,208
it's Suska Hana.
421
00:05:12,208 --> 00:05:12,833
Maybe I'm not
422
00:05:12,833 --> 00:05:13,083
sure the
423
00:05:13,083 --> 00:05:13,708
pronunciation of
424
00:05:13,708 --> 00:05:14,291
that. I apologize
425
00:05:14,291 --> 00:05:15,583
in Delaware and
426
00:05:15,583 --> 00:05:16,750
Ohio River basins
427
00:05:16,750 --> 00:05:17,166
exhibited
428
00:05:17,166 --> 00:05:18,708
immature eggs in
429
00:05:18,708 --> 00:05:19,458
their testes.
430
00:05:19,458 --> 00:05:20,333
This intersex
431
00:05:20,333 --> 00:05:21,041
condition is
432
00:05:21,041 --> 00:05:21,458
believed to
433
00:05:21,458 --> 00:05:22,125
result from
434
00:05:22,125 --> 00:05:22,916
exposure to
435
00:05:22,916 --> 00:05:23,291
endocrine
436
00:05:23,291 --> 00:05:23,708
disrupting
437
00:05:23,708 --> 00:05:24,500
chemicals. So
438
00:05:24,500 --> 00:05:24,875
things that
439
00:05:24,875 --> 00:05:25,541
happen in the
440
00:05:25,541 --> 00:05:26,083
environment such
441
00:05:26,083 --> 00:05:27,000
as pesticides and
442
00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:28,041
hormones that
443
00:05:28,041 --> 00:05:28,916
enter waterways
444
00:05:28,916 --> 00:05:29,125
through agricultural runoff and water.
445
00:05:29,166 --> 00:05:29,500
Through
446
00:05:29,500 --> 00:05:30,041
agricultural
447
00:05:30,041 --> 00:05:31,000
runoff and
448
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:31,541
wastewater
449
00:05:31,541 --> 00:05:32,708
discharges. So
450
00:05:32,708 --> 00:05:34,000
amphipods and
451
00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:34,291
environmental
452
00:05:34,291 --> 00:05:34,875
stressors have
453
00:05:34,875 --> 00:05:35,500
also been
454
00:05:35,500 --> 00:05:36,208
discovered. So in
455
00:05:36,208 --> 00:05:36,458
the marine
456
00:05:36,458 --> 00:05:36,916
environment
457
00:05:36,916 --> 00:05:37,875
intersects
458
00:05:37,875 --> 00:05:38,625
occurrences have
459
00:05:38,625 --> 00:05:39,500
been observed in
460
00:05:39,500 --> 00:05:40,208
species like the
461
00:05:40,208 --> 00:05:41,166
amphipod. The
462
00:05:41,166 --> 00:05:42,291
Aquino Gameras
463
00:05:42,291 --> 00:05:43,625
marineis long
464
00:05:43,625 --> 00:05:44,500
term monitoring
465
00:05:44,500 --> 00:05:45,125
in Northwest
466
00:05:45,125 --> 00:05:46,291
Brittany recorded
467
00:05:46,291 --> 00:05:46,708
intersex
468
00:05:46,708 --> 00:05:47,500
individuals and
469
00:05:47,500 --> 00:05:48,000
frequencies
470
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:48,791
ranging between
471
00:05:48,791 --> 00:05:51,333
0.87% to 12%.
472
00:05:51,833 --> 00:05:52,416
Notably the
473
00:05:52,416 --> 00:05:53,250
incidence of
474
00:05:53,250 --> 00:05:54,250
intersex increase
475
00:05:54,250 --> 00:05:55,125
with distance
476
00:05:55,125 --> 00:05:56,125
from the sea.
477
00:05:56,166 --> 00:05:56,958
Suggested
478
00:05:56,958 --> 00:05:57,208
environmental
479
00:05:57,208 --> 00:05:58,333
factors including
480
00:05:58,333 --> 00:05:58,750
endocrine
481
00:05:58,750 --> 00:05:59,250
disrupting
482
00:05:59,250 --> 00:06:00,166
compounds and
483
00:06:00,166 --> 00:06:00,541
freshwater
484
00:06:00,541 --> 00:06:01,500
stressors may
485
00:06:01,500 --> 00:06:02,333
play a role in
486
00:06:02,333 --> 00:06:02,708
triggering
487
00:06:02,708 --> 00:06:03,416
intersex
488
00:06:03,416 --> 00:06:04,250
conditions. So
489
00:06:04,250 --> 00:06:05,500
again being close
490
00:06:05,500 --> 00:06:07,041
to humans not
491
00:06:07,041 --> 00:06:07,708
always great for
492
00:06:07,708 --> 00:06:08,875
animals. So
493
00:06:08,875 --> 00:06:09,416
having those
494
00:06:09,416 --> 00:06:09,791
endocrine
495
00:06:09,791 --> 00:06:10,458
disruptors
496
00:06:10,458 --> 00:06:11,583
present can
497
00:06:11,583 --> 00:06:12,166
really change
498
00:06:12,166 --> 00:06:13,083
somebody and
499
00:06:13,083 --> 00:06:14,333
change an animal.
500
00:06:14,333 --> 00:06:14,750
We're not just
501
00:06:14,750 --> 00:06:15,125
being facetious with that.
502
00:06:15,166 --> 00:06:16,333
That's just not
503
00:06:16,333 --> 00:06:16,958
me saying that.
504
00:06:16,958 --> 00:06:17,458
That's true. This
505
00:06:17,458 --> 00:06:17,833
is what the
506
00:06:17,833 --> 00:06:18,375
evidence kind of
507
00:06:18,375 --> 00:06:19,500
shows. So we know
508
00:06:19,500 --> 00:06:20,041
that there are
509
00:06:20,041 --> 00:06:21,083
animals that are
510
00:06:21,083 --> 00:06:21,958
out there in the
511
00:06:21,958 --> 00:06:22,125
marine
512
00:06:22,125 --> 00:06:22,625
environment that
513
00:06:22,625 --> 00:06:23,416
will change sexes
514
00:06:23,416 --> 00:06:24,666
depending on the
515
00:06:24,666 --> 00:06:25,333
environment. So
516
00:06:25,333 --> 00:06:26,541
some fish like
517
00:06:26,541 --> 00:06:27,625
clownfish will
518
00:06:27,625 --> 00:06:28,416
change their sex
519
00:06:28,416 --> 00:06:29,000
if there's no
520
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:30,208
other females
521
00:06:30,208 --> 00:06:31,000
around. So a male
522
00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:31,583
will turn to a
523
00:06:31,583 --> 00:06:32,666
female so that it
524
00:06:32,666 --> 00:06:33,541
can reproduce and
525
00:06:33,541 --> 00:06:33,791
it can
526
00:06:33,791 --> 00:06:34,125
have babies.
527
00:06:34,166 --> 00:06:35,208
The survival of
528
00:06:35,208 --> 00:06:35,625
the fittest is
529
00:06:35,625 --> 00:06:36,291
the genetic
530
00:06:36,291 --> 00:06:37,333
material that
531
00:06:37,333 --> 00:06:38,333
continues to
532
00:06:38,333 --> 00:06:39,083
persist in
533
00:06:39,083 --> 00:06:39,708
clownfish that
534
00:06:39,708 --> 00:06:40,208
allows them to
535
00:06:40,208 --> 00:06:41,041
survive for so
536
00:06:41,041 --> 00:06:41,666
long. So if it's
537
00:06:41,666 --> 00:06:42,291
just males that
538
00:06:42,291 --> 00:06:43,125
are around and
539
00:06:43,125 --> 00:06:43,458
there are no
540
00:06:43,458 --> 00:06:44,416
females one male
541
00:06:44,416 --> 00:06:45,166
will turn into a
542
00:06:45,166 --> 00:06:46,291
female and then
543
00:06:46,291 --> 00:06:47,291
that female will
544
00:06:47,291 --> 00:06:48,125
reproduce with
545
00:06:48,125 --> 00:06:48,833
all the males and
546
00:06:48,833 --> 00:06:49,333
then you know
547
00:06:49,333 --> 00:06:49,958
they'll have
548
00:06:49,958 --> 00:06:50,666
their babies
549
00:06:50,666 --> 00:06:51,750
their larva and
550
00:06:51,750 --> 00:06:52,458
it'll grow into
551
00:06:52,458 --> 00:06:53,125
some lots more clownfish.
552
00:06:53,166 --> 00:06:54,250
It's really
553
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:55,125
interesting to
554
00:06:55,125 --> 00:06:55,625
hear these
555
00:06:55,625 --> 00:06:56,500
different types
556
00:06:56,500 --> 00:06:57,541
of evolutionary
557
00:06:57,541 --> 00:06:59,083
factors that help
558
00:06:59,083 --> 00:07:00,291
animals survive
559
00:07:00,291 --> 00:07:00,750
in the
560
00:07:00,750 --> 00:07:01,125
environment
561
00:07:01,125 --> 00:07:01,750
whether it's a
562
00:07:01,750 --> 00:07:02,500
freshwater or
563
00:07:02,500 --> 00:07:02,791
marine
564
00:07:02,791 --> 00:07:03,958
environment. So
565
00:07:03,958 --> 00:07:04,833
that's always
566
00:07:04,833 --> 00:07:05,583
something that is
567
00:07:05,583 --> 00:07:06,583
interesting. Now
568
00:07:06,583 --> 00:07:07,083
there are
569
00:07:07,083 --> 00:07:08,208
different ways to
570
00:07:08,208 --> 00:07:09,166
detect intersex.
571
00:07:09,166 --> 00:07:09,666
So it could be
572
00:07:09,666 --> 00:07:10,250
from genetic
573
00:07:10,250 --> 00:07:10,708
material which
574
00:07:10,708 --> 00:07:11,166
doesn't always
575
00:07:11,166 --> 00:07:11,708
happen or it
576
00:07:11,708 --> 00:07:12,208
could just be
577
00:07:12,208 --> 00:07:12,666
from mixed
578
00:07:13,166 --> 00:07:13,500
animal tissue
579
00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:14,333
such as ovarian
580
00:07:14,333 --> 00:07:15,041
and testicular
581
00:07:15,041 --> 00:07:16,500
tissue within the
582
00:07:16,500 --> 00:07:17,500
actual bodies.
583
00:07:17,958 --> 00:07:18,208
The individuals
584
00:07:18,208 --> 00:07:18,833
have either
585
00:07:18,833 --> 00:07:19,791
underdeveloped or
586
00:07:19,791 --> 00:07:20,291
nonfunctional
587
00:07:20,291 --> 00:07:20,958
reproductive
588
00:07:20,958 --> 00:07:21,416
organs which
589
00:07:21,416 --> 00:07:22,166
suggest they are
590
00:07:22,166 --> 00:07:23,041
unlikely to
591
00:07:23,041 --> 00:07:24,791
produce. The EAU
592
00:07:24,791 --> 00:07:25,875
10B which is the
593
00:07:25,875 --> 00:07:26,958
intersex southern
594
00:07:26,958 --> 00:07:27,250
right whale that
595
00:07:27,250 --> 00:07:28,250
really capped off
596
00:07:28,250 --> 00:07:28,750
this story
597
00:07:28,750 --> 00:07:29,333
discovered in
598
00:07:29,333 --> 00:07:30,666
1999. They had
599
00:07:30,666 --> 00:07:31,333
the XXY
600
00:07:31,333 --> 00:07:32,583
chromosomal set
601
00:07:32,583 --> 00:07:33,333
up but there's no
602
00:07:33,333 --> 00:07:34,083
indication that
603
00:07:34,083 --> 00:07:35,125
it reproduced and
604
00:07:35,125 --> 00:07:35,708
this chromosomal
605
00:07:35,708 --> 00:07:36,666
combination is
606
00:07:36,666 --> 00:07:36,916
typically
607
00:07:36,916 --> 00:07:37,500
associated with
608
00:07:37,500 --> 00:07:38,166
infertility and
609
00:07:38,166 --> 00:07:38,833
other mammals
610
00:07:38,833 --> 00:07:40,208
including humans.
611
00:07:40,208 --> 00:07:40,750
So this is not
612
00:07:40,750 --> 00:07:41,125
just something
613
00:07:41,125 --> 00:07:41,958
that happens in
614
00:07:41,958 --> 00:07:42,166
southern right whales or in southern right whales.
615
00:07:43,166 --> 00:07:44,541
It can actually
616
00:07:44,541 --> 00:07:45,125
happen in
617
00:07:45,125 --> 00:07:46,291
intersects in fin
618
00:07:46,291 --> 00:07:46,708
whales was
619
00:07:46,708 --> 00:07:47,416
reported with
620
00:07:47,416 --> 00:07:48,333
both seses and
621
00:07:48,333 --> 00:07:49,500
uterus but no
622
00:07:49,500 --> 00:07:49,833
functional
623
00:07:49,833 --> 00:07:50,333
reproductive
624
00:07:50,333 --> 00:07:51,125
output was
625
00:07:51,125 --> 00:07:52,125
recorded in
626
00:07:52,125 --> 00:07:52,833
harbor purposes
627
00:07:52,833 --> 00:07:53,375
as I mentioned
628
00:07:53,375 --> 00:07:54,291
earlier some
629
00:07:54,291 --> 00:07:54,750
intersex
630
00:07:54,750 --> 00:07:55,458
individuals had
631
00:07:55,458 --> 00:07:56,041
both male and
632
00:07:56,041 --> 00:07:56,833
female tissue but
633
00:07:56,833 --> 00:07:57,708
again no evidence
634
00:07:57,708 --> 00:07:58,375
supporting that
635
00:07:58,375 --> 00:07:58,833
reproduction
636
00:07:58,833 --> 00:07:59,125
was found.
637
00:07:59,166 --> 00:08:00,875
So it's a hard
638
00:08:00,875 --> 00:08:01,708
thing to find out
639
00:08:01,708 --> 00:08:02,541
because we don't
640
00:08:02,541 --> 00:08:03,416
really see when
641
00:08:03,416 --> 00:08:04,708
males and females
642
00:08:04,708 --> 00:08:05,750
reproduce on the
643
00:08:05,750 --> 00:08:06,250
regular. We do
644
00:08:06,250 --> 00:08:07,000
have that video
645
00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:07,708
that I talked
646
00:08:07,708 --> 00:08:08,250
about a couple
647
00:08:08,250 --> 00:08:09,375
months ago where
648
00:08:09,375 --> 00:08:10,250
you know somebody
649
00:08:10,250 --> 00:08:10,875
caught it on
650
00:08:10,875 --> 00:08:11,625
photographs a
651
00:08:11,625 --> 00:08:11,875
series of
652
00:08:11,875 --> 00:08:12,500
photographs of
653
00:08:12,500 --> 00:08:13,041
two humpback
654
00:08:13,041 --> 00:08:13,375
whales
655
00:08:13,375 --> 00:08:14,291
reproducing
656
00:08:14,291 --> 00:08:15,125
mating off the
657
00:08:15,125 --> 00:08:15,916
coast of Maui and
658
00:08:15,916 --> 00:08:16,583
so that was kind
659
00:08:16,583 --> 00:08:17,500
of cool to see.
660
00:08:17,750 --> 00:08:18,208
But we don't
661
00:08:18,208 --> 00:08:19,000
often get that
662
00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:19,500
and a lot of
663
00:08:19,500 --> 00:08:20,208
times the
664
00:08:20,208 --> 00:08:20,666
intersex
665
00:08:20,666 --> 00:08:21,208
conditions are
666
00:08:21,208 --> 00:08:21,791
only discovered
667
00:08:21,791 --> 00:08:22,458
after death
668
00:08:22,458 --> 00:08:23,125
during the crop
669
00:08:23,125 --> 00:08:23,916
seas. So
670
00:08:23,916 --> 00:08:24,583
scientists rarely
671
00:08:24,583 --> 00:08:25,375
have a chance to
672
00:08:25,375 --> 00:08:25,666
study the
673
00:08:25,666 --> 00:08:26,291
behavior or
674
00:08:26,291 --> 00:08:27,125
reproduction over
675
00:08:27,125 --> 00:08:27,666
time. So it's
676
00:08:27,666 --> 00:08:28,125
really difficult to see. But I just think that's a good thing.
677
00:08:28,166 --> 00:08:29,416
I just thought it
678
00:08:29,416 --> 00:08:30,208
was a cool thing
679
00:08:30,208 --> 00:08:31,041
to bring to you
680
00:08:31,041 --> 00:08:32,458
as a way to
681
00:08:32,458 --> 00:08:33,083
understand
682
00:08:33,083 --> 00:08:33,583
species
683
00:08:33,583 --> 00:08:34,458
understand what
684
00:08:34,458 --> 00:08:35,291
is happening in
685
00:08:35,291 --> 00:08:36,250
the oceans how we
686
00:08:36,250 --> 00:08:37,083
are affecting the
687
00:08:37,083 --> 00:08:38,125
oceans and how
688
00:08:38,125 --> 00:08:38,500
we're affecting
689
00:08:38,500 --> 00:08:39,083
the species that
690
00:08:39,083 --> 00:08:39,583
live in it
691
00:08:39,583 --> 00:08:40,125
through
692
00:08:40,125 --> 00:08:40,791
disrupting
693
00:08:40,791 --> 00:08:41,291
endocrine systems
694
00:08:41,291 --> 00:08:42,541
that can change
695
00:08:42,541 --> 00:08:43,083
the hormonal
696
00:08:43,083 --> 00:08:44,041
balance within
697
00:08:44,041 --> 00:08:44,916
animals but also
698
00:08:44,916 --> 00:08:45,416
the way they
699
00:08:45,416 --> 00:08:46,250
naturally evolve
700
00:08:46,250 --> 00:08:47,458
into being able
701
00:08:47,458 --> 00:08:48,125
in some species
702
00:08:48,125 --> 00:08:48,833
being able to
703
00:08:48,833 --> 00:08:49,541
change from male
704
00:08:49,541 --> 00:08:50,708
to female and
705
00:08:50,708 --> 00:08:51,291
there's also the
706
00:08:51,291 --> 00:08:51,833
case of
707
00:08:51,833 --> 00:08:52,958
pharmaceuticals
708
00:08:52,958 --> 00:08:53,250
which again
709
00:08:53,250 --> 00:08:53,500
probably
710
00:08:53,500 --> 00:08:54,000
endocrine
711
00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:55,000
disruptors that
712
00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:55,583
get into our
713
00:08:55,583 --> 00:08:56,375
river systems
714
00:08:56,375 --> 00:08:57,125
just from what we've been ingesting.
715
00:08:57,166 --> 00:08:59,166
Right. This is
716
00:08:59,166 --> 00:08:59,541
like typical
717
00:08:59,541 --> 00:09:00,125
stuff that we
718
00:09:00,125 --> 00:09:01,000
ingest whether it
719
00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:01,916
be you know pain
720
00:09:01,916 --> 00:09:02,750
pills whether it
721
00:09:02,750 --> 00:09:03,583
be reproductive
722
00:09:03,583 --> 00:09:04,708
blocking pills or
723
00:09:04,708 --> 00:09:05,250
anything like
724
00:09:05,250 --> 00:09:06,041
that that can go
725
00:09:06,041 --> 00:09:06,541
through our
726
00:09:06,541 --> 00:09:07,583
system and that
727
00:09:07,583 --> 00:09:08,250
will actually end
728
00:09:08,250 --> 00:09:08,875
up in the river
729
00:09:08,875 --> 00:09:09,375
systems like
730
00:09:09,375 --> 00:09:09,666
through a
731
00:09:09,666 --> 00:09:10,208
plumbing in the
732
00:09:10,208 --> 00:09:10,833
river systems
733
00:09:10,833 --> 00:09:11,833
that can affect
734
00:09:11,833 --> 00:09:12,458
fish that's why
735
00:09:12,458 --> 00:09:13,083
we see a lot of
736
00:09:13,083 --> 00:09:14,000
freshwater fish
737
00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:15,291
being affected by
738
00:09:15,291 --> 00:09:15,833
this either
739
00:09:15,833 --> 00:09:16,791
intersex or other
740
00:09:16,791 --> 00:09:18,166
type of I say
741
00:09:18,166 --> 00:09:19,041
just differences
742
00:09:19,041 --> 00:09:20,125
in morphologies.
743
00:09:20,166 --> 00:09:21,208
So it's a cool
744
00:09:21,208 --> 00:09:22,208
study to look at.
745
00:09:22,208 --> 00:09:22,916
It's really great
746
00:09:22,916 --> 00:09:23,583
to identify and
747
00:09:23,583 --> 00:09:24,375
talk about it.
748
00:09:24,375 --> 00:09:25,291
We're only just
749
00:09:25,291 --> 00:09:25,666
scratching the
750
00:09:25,666 --> 00:09:26,458
surface with this
751
00:09:26,458 --> 00:09:27,208
type of stuff as
752
00:09:27,208 --> 00:09:28,208
we normally are
753
00:09:28,208 --> 00:09:28,500
when we're
754
00:09:28,500 --> 00:09:28,833
discovering
755
00:09:28,833 --> 00:09:29,500
something new.
756
00:09:29,791 --> 00:09:30,083
But I thought it
757
00:09:30,083 --> 00:09:30,500
was really great
758
00:09:30,500 --> 00:09:31,000
to bring it to
759
00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:31,416
you. I'd love to
760
00:09:31,416 --> 00:09:31,750
hear your
761
00:09:31,750 --> 00:09:32,583
thoughts on this.
762
00:09:32,583 --> 00:09:33,041
Leave a comment
763
00:09:33,041 --> 00:09:33,666
below if you're
764
00:09:33,666 --> 00:09:34,500
watching this on
765
00:09:34,500 --> 00:09:34,791
YouTube.
766
00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:36,041
And if you are
767
00:09:36,041 --> 00:09:36,500
listening to this
768
00:09:36,500 --> 00:09:36,875
on another
769
00:09:36,875 --> 00:09:37,875
platform, please
770
00:09:37,875 --> 00:09:38,625
hit me up on
771
00:09:38,625 --> 00:09:39,541
Instagram at how
772
00:09:39,541 --> 00:09:40,166
to protect the
773
00:09:40,166 --> 00:09:41,083
ocean. That's at
774
00:09:41,083 --> 00:09:41,708
how to protect
775
00:09:41,708 --> 00:09:42,125
the ocean. I want
776
00:09:42,125 --> 00:09:42,541
to thank you so
777
00:09:42,541 --> 00:09:43,000
much for joining
778
00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:43,500
me on today's
779
00:09:43,500 --> 00:09:44,125
episode of the
780
00:09:44,125 --> 00:09:44,500
how to protect
781
00:09:44,500 --> 00:09:44,791
the ocean
782
00:09:44,791 --> 00:09:45,416
podcast. Have a
783
00:09:45,416 --> 00:09:45,875
great day. We'll
784
00:09:45,875 --> 00:09:46,208
talk to you in a
785
00:09:46,208 --> 00:09:47,250
happy
786
00:09:47,250 --> 00:09:47,666
conservation.
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,458
We're going to be
2
00:00:00,458 --> 00:00:01,125
talking about an
3
00:00:01,125 --> 00:00:01,416
interesting
4
00:00:01,416 --> 00:00:02,166
discovery on
5
00:00:02,166 --> 00:00:02,708
today's episode
6
00:00:02,708 --> 00:00:03,083
of the how to
7
00:00:03,083 --> 00:00:03,541
protect the ocean
8
00:00:03,541 --> 00:00:04,041
podcast. We're
9
00:00:04,041 --> 00:00:04,458
gonna be talking
10
00:00:04,458 --> 00:00:06,041
about intersex
11
00:00:06,041 --> 00:00:07,041
marine mammals.
12
00:00:07,500 --> 00:00:08,125
That's right.
13
00:00:08,125 --> 00:00:08,500
We're gonna be
14
00:00:08,500 --> 00:00:09,166
talking about
15
00:00:09,166 --> 00:00:09,750
marine mammals
16
00:00:09,750 --> 00:00:10,416
that have the X
17
00:00:10,500 --> 00:00:10,916
XY chromosome
18
00:00:10,916 --> 00:00:12,500
because there was
19
00:00:12,500 --> 00:00:13,208
a new discovery
20
00:00:13,208 --> 00:00:14,416
that came out in
21
00:00:14,416 --> 00:00:15,375
a paper where
22
00:00:15,375 --> 00:00:16,541
marine biologists
23
00:00:16,541 --> 00:00:17,500
did a genetic
24
00:00:17,500 --> 00:00:18,666
test and found
25
00:00:18,666 --> 00:00:19,500
that a southern
26
00:00:19,500 --> 00:00:20,666
right whale that
27
00:00:20,666 --> 00:00:21,458
was sampled back
28
00:00:21,458 --> 00:00:23,583
in 1989 has X
29
00:00:23,625 --> 00:00:24,791
XY chromosomes.
30
00:00:24,791 --> 00:00:25,500
This is very rare
31
00:00:25,500 --> 00:00:26,041
in marine
32
00:00:26,041 --> 00:00:26,916
mammals. It's
33
00:00:26,916 --> 00:00:27,333
something that we
34
00:00:27,333 --> 00:00:27,708
have to talk
35
00:00:27,708 --> 00:00:28,125
about and we're
36
00:00:28,125 --> 00:00:28,416
going to talk
37
00:00:28,458 --> 00:00:29,375
about today. So
38
00:00:29,375 --> 00:00:29,916
let's start the
39
00:00:29,916 --> 00:00:33,166
show. Hey
40
00:00:33,166 --> 00:00:33,500
everybody,
41
00:00:33,500 --> 00:00:33,916
welcome back to
42
00:00:33,916 --> 00:00:34,458
another exciting
43
00:00:34,500 --> 00:00:35,166
episode of the
44
00:00:35,166 --> 00:00:35,500
how to protect
45
00:00:35,500 --> 00:00:35,791
the ocean
46
00:00:35,791 --> 00:00:36,541
podcast. I'm your
47
00:00:36,541 --> 00:00:36,750
host,
48
00:00:36,916 --> 00:00:37,291
Andrew Lewin.
49
00:00:37,500 --> 00:00:37,791
And this is a
50
00:00:37,791 --> 00:00:38,208
podcast where you
51
00:00:38,208 --> 00:00:38,750
find out what's
52
00:00:38,750 --> 00:00:39,208
happening with
53
00:00:39,208 --> 00:00:39,750
the ocean, how
54
00:00:39,750 --> 00:00:40,375
you can speak
55
00:00:40,375 --> 00:00:41,083
up for the ocean,
56
00:00:41,083 --> 00:00:41,500
what you need to
57
00:00:41,500 --> 00:00:42,416
do to live for a
58
00:00:42,416 --> 00:00:43,333
better ocean by
59
00:00:43,333 --> 00:00:43,791
taking
60
00:00:43,791 --> 00:00:45,000
action on today's
61
00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:45,416
episode, we're
62
00:00:45,416 --> 00:00:45,583
going to be
63
00:00:45,583 --> 00:00:46,208
talking about all
64
00:00:46,208 --> 00:00:46,833
things marine
65
00:00:46,833 --> 00:00:47,458
mammals and
66
00:00:47,458 --> 00:00:48,250
genetic testing
67
00:00:48,500 --> 00:00:49,541
and what in the
68
00:00:49,541 --> 00:00:50,375
world is an
69
00:00:50,375 --> 00:00:51,041
intersex
70
00:00:51,041 --> 00:00:52,458
organism. This is
71
00:00:52,458 --> 00:00:53,083
going to be a lot
72
00:00:53,083 --> 00:00:53,625
of fun. I
73
00:00:53,625 --> 00:00:54,125
know there's
74
00:00:54,166 --> 00:00:54,500
a lot of
75
00:00:54,500 --> 00:00:55,416
political debates
76
00:00:55,416 --> 00:00:56,250
around this and
77
00:00:56,250 --> 00:00:56,833
political talk
78
00:00:56,833 --> 00:00:58,291
around what is
79
00:00:58,291 --> 00:00:59,458
intersex? What's
80
00:00:59,458 --> 00:01:00,375
transgender? What
81
00:01:00,375 --> 00:01:01,500
is all this stuff
82
00:01:01,500 --> 00:01:02,583
around, you know,
83
00:01:02,958 --> 00:01:03,375
different types
84
00:01:03,375 --> 00:01:03,875
of genders
85
00:01:03,875 --> 00:01:04,333
and stuff.
86
00:01:04,333 --> 00:01:04,958
This is not the
87
00:01:04,958 --> 00:01:05,541
case. It's not
88
00:01:05,541 --> 00:01:06,083
one of those
89
00:01:06,083 --> 00:01:07,083
topics. We are
90
00:01:07,083 --> 00:01:07,375
going to be
91
00:01:07,375 --> 00:01:07,958
talking about
92
00:01:07,958 --> 00:01:08,791
intersex.
93
00:01:08,791 --> 00:01:09,791
This is not the
94
00:01:09,791 --> 00:01:10,291
same as
95
00:01:10,291 --> 00:01:11,208
transgender. This
96
00:01:11,208 --> 00:01:11,958
is not the same
97
00:01:11,958 --> 00:01:12,375
as anything that
98
00:01:12,375 --> 00:01:12,958
we're
99
00:01:12,958 --> 00:01:13,291
just talking
100
00:01:13,375 --> 00:01:14,250
about genetic
101
00:01:14,250 --> 00:01:15,333
material that has
102
00:01:15,333 --> 00:01:17,000
XXY chromosomes.
103
00:01:17,541 --> 00:01:18,708
Normally, XX
104
00:01:18,708 --> 00:01:19,500
chromosomes, a
105
00:01:19,500 --> 00:01:20,208
female XY
106
00:01:20,208 --> 00:01:20,541
chromosome
107
00:01:20,791 --> 00:01:21,458
is a male. So
108
00:01:21,458 --> 00:01:21,791
we're talking
109
00:01:21,791 --> 00:01:22,916
about animals
110
00:01:22,916 --> 00:01:23,958
that have the
111
00:01:23,958 --> 00:01:25,041
genetic material
112
00:01:25,041 --> 00:01:26,500
of XXY as
113
00:01:26,500 --> 00:01:28,166
well as some
114
00:01:28,416 --> 00:01:29,125
have noticeably
115
00:01:29,125 --> 00:01:30,000
seen having
116
00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:31,125
different both
117
00:01:31,125 --> 00:01:31,750
reproductive
118
00:01:31,750 --> 00:01:33,291
organs present at
119
00:01:33,291 --> 00:01:34,000
the time of death
120
00:01:34,083 --> 00:01:34,541
when they're
121
00:01:34,541 --> 00:01:35,000
actually in the
122
00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:35,458
crops because
123
00:01:35,458 --> 00:01:36,208
that's when we
124
00:01:36,208 --> 00:01:37,125
actually see what
125
00:01:37,125 --> 00:01:37,250
is
126
00:01:37,250 --> 00:01:37,833
happening. So we're
127
00:01:37,833 --> 00:01:38,250
going to talk
128
00:01:38,250 --> 00:01:39,416
about that today.
129
00:01:39,791 --> 00:01:40,333
Like I said, this
130
00:01:40,333 --> 00:01:40,791
is not a
131
00:01:40,791 --> 00:01:41,583
political thing.
132
00:01:41,583 --> 00:01:41,791
This is
133
00:01:41,791 --> 00:01:42,208
just what we
134
00:01:42,208 --> 00:01:42,916
discovered in
135
00:01:42,916 --> 00:01:43,958
science. I want
136
00:01:43,958 --> 00:01:44,791
to get that right
137
00:01:44,791 --> 00:01:45,166
up there because
138
00:01:45,166 --> 00:01:45,791
I know people in
139
00:01:45,791 --> 00:01:46,375
the comments are
140
00:01:46,375 --> 00:01:46,708
going to be like,
141
00:01:46,708 --> 00:01:47,041
you're just
142
00:01:47,041 --> 00:01:47,916
pushing an agenda
143
00:01:47,916 --> 00:01:48,541
that says nothing
144
00:01:48,541 --> 00:01:49,250
to do with any
145
00:01:49,250 --> 00:01:49,916
political agenda.
146
00:01:50,333 --> 00:01:51,083
This is science.
147
00:01:51,083 --> 00:01:51,583
This is what's
148
00:01:51,583 --> 00:01:52,208
been discovered
149
00:01:52,208 --> 00:01:52,958
and what I think
150
00:01:52,958 --> 00:01:53,458
is something
151
00:01:53,458 --> 00:01:53,875
that's pretty
152
00:01:53,875 --> 00:01:54,750
cool to help us
153
00:01:54,750 --> 00:01:55,541
understand these
154
00:01:55,541 --> 00:01:56,000
animals.
155
00:01:56,291 --> 00:01:56,541
We're going to
156
00:01:56,541 --> 00:01:57,125
just talk about,
157
00:01:57,125 --> 00:01:57,625
you know, how
158
00:01:57,625 --> 00:01:58,458
this all came to
159
00:01:58,458 --> 00:01:59,375
be. So 1989,
160
00:01:59,875 --> 00:02:00,083
researchers
161
00:02:00,083 --> 00:02:00,458
collected
162
00:02:00,458 --> 00:02:01,500
skin samples
163
00:02:01,666 --> 00:02:02,291
from southern
164
00:02:02,291 --> 00:02:03,166
right whales off
165
00:02:03,166 --> 00:02:04,416
the Argentina's
166
00:02:04,416 --> 00:02:05,291
Valdez Peninsula
167
00:02:05,291 --> 00:02:06,250
to study the
168
00:02:06,250 --> 00:02:06,958
species genetic
169
00:02:06,958 --> 00:02:07,625
diversity.
170
00:02:07,625 --> 00:02:07,958
So they're just
171
00:02:07,958 --> 00:02:08,416
looking at
172
00:02:08,416 --> 00:02:08,708
genetic
173
00:02:08,708 --> 00:02:09,208
diversity.
174
00:02:09,416 --> 00:02:10,083
Decades later in
175
00:02:10,083 --> 00:02:11,750
2022, Carla
176
00:02:11,750 --> 00:02:12,208
Crossman, a
177
00:02:12,208 --> 00:02:12,916
graduate student
178
00:02:12,916 --> 00:02:13,500
from St.
179
00:02:13,500 --> 00:02:14,083
Mary's University
180
00:02:14,083 --> 00:02:15,000
in Halifax, Nova
181
00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:15,625
Scotia, go
182
00:02:15,625 --> 00:02:16,750
Canada, analyzed
183
00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:17,666
these samples and
184
00:02:17,666 --> 00:02:18,291
encountered an
185
00:02:18,291 --> 00:02:18,708
anomaly
186
00:02:18,708 --> 00:02:19,625
with one whale
187
00:02:19,791 --> 00:02:22,458
labeled EAU10B.
188
00:02:22,875 --> 00:02:23,500
This initial
189
00:02:23,500 --> 00:02:23,833
chromosome
190
00:02:23,833 --> 00:02:24,333
analysis
191
00:02:24,333 --> 00:02:25,083
suggested that
192
00:02:25,083 --> 00:02:26,833
EAU10B was female
193
00:02:26,833 --> 00:02:27,958
possessing two X
194
00:02:27,958 --> 00:02:28,541
chromosomes,
195
00:02:28,833 --> 00:02:29,250
which is typical
196
00:02:29,250 --> 00:02:29,708
of females.
197
00:02:30,291 --> 00:02:31,291
However, further
198
00:02:31,291 --> 00:02:32,125
testing revealed
199
00:02:32,125 --> 00:02:33,000
the presence of
200
00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:34,333
the SRY gene
201
00:02:34,333 --> 00:02:35,041
typically found
202
00:02:35,041 --> 00:02:36,375
in Y chromosome
203
00:02:36,375 --> 00:02:37,375
and associated
204
00:02:37,375 --> 00:02:37,958
with male
205
00:02:37,958 --> 00:02:38,416
development.
206
00:02:38,958 --> 00:02:39,500
So doing even
207
00:02:39,500 --> 00:02:40,125
more further
208
00:02:40,125 --> 00:02:40,666
testing and
209
00:02:40,666 --> 00:02:41,583
figuring out that
210
00:02:41,583 --> 00:02:42,250
there is a Y
211
00:02:42,250 --> 00:02:43,291
chromosome, they
212
00:02:43,291 --> 00:02:43,708
just found out
213
00:02:43,708 --> 00:02:44,208
this individual
214
00:02:44,208 --> 00:02:45,000
has a chromosome
215
00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:45,583
configuration
216
00:02:45,583 --> 00:02:46,500
of XXY
217
00:02:46,541 --> 00:02:47,833
identifying it as
218
00:02:47,833 --> 00:02:48,208
the first
219
00:02:48,208 --> 00:02:48,958
documented
220
00:02:48,958 --> 00:02:50,041
intersex southern
221
00:02:50,041 --> 00:02:51,333
right whale. This
222
00:02:51,333 --> 00:02:51,958
is pretty cool.
223
00:02:52,250 --> 00:02:52,791
And it's very
224
00:02:52,791 --> 00:02:53,500
rare to find
225
00:02:53,500 --> 00:02:54,208
these types of
226
00:02:54,208 --> 00:02:54,500
intersex
227
00:02:54,500 --> 00:02:55,333
individuals in
228
00:02:55,333 --> 00:02:56,041
marine mammals
229
00:02:56,041 --> 00:02:56,625
because we don't
230
00:02:56,625 --> 00:02:57,458
really get to see
231
00:02:57,458 --> 00:02:58,458
and get a lot of
232
00:02:58,458 --> 00:02:58,750
genetic testing
233
00:02:58,750 --> 00:02:59,666
in marine
234
00:02:59,666 --> 00:03:00,125
mammals.
235
00:03:00,125 --> 00:03:00,791
Although further
236
00:03:00,791 --> 00:03:01,750
research has
237
00:03:01,750 --> 00:03:02,291
discovered that
238
00:03:02,291 --> 00:03:03,000
we can take more
239
00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:03,875
tissue samples
240
00:03:03,875 --> 00:03:04,333
and stuff, but
241
00:03:04,333 --> 00:03:04,625
it's very
242
00:03:04,625 --> 00:03:05,291
difficult to work
243
00:03:05,291 --> 00:03:05,791
with marine
244
00:03:05,791 --> 00:03:06,166
mammals for
245
00:03:06,166 --> 00:03:06,916
obvious reasons.
246
00:03:06,916 --> 00:03:07,416
They're not a lot
247
00:03:07,416 --> 00:03:08,541
in captivity. A
248
00:03:08,541 --> 00:03:09,125
lot of them are
249
00:03:09,125 --> 00:03:09,833
in the wild. It's
250
00:03:09,833 --> 00:03:10,333
very difficult to
251
00:03:10,333 --> 00:03:11,000
get samples in
252
00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:11,291
general.
253
00:03:11,375 --> 00:03:12,125
We're just
254
00:03:12,125 --> 00:03:12,708
discovering
255
00:03:12,708 --> 00:03:13,583
patterns of the
256
00:03:13,583 --> 00:03:14,541
species and
257
00:03:14,541 --> 00:03:15,166
really getting to
258
00:03:15,166 --> 00:03:15,458
know those
259
00:03:15,458 --> 00:03:16,708
species. So more
260
00:03:16,708 --> 00:03:17,250
genetic testing,
261
00:03:17,250 --> 00:03:17,750
I'm sure, will
262
00:03:17,750 --> 00:03:18,750
reveal this if
263
00:03:18,750 --> 00:03:19,583
it's tested. The
264
00:03:19,583 --> 00:03:20,208
one thing in this
265
00:03:20,208 --> 00:03:20,791
study, which was
266
00:03:20,791 --> 00:03:21,375
found in Nautilus
267
00:03:21,375 --> 00:03:22,000
magazine, by the
268
00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:22,791
way, I'll put the
269
00:03:22,791 --> 00:03:23,583
link in the
270
00:03:23,583 --> 00:03:23,958
show notes.
271
00:03:24,500 --> 00:03:24,750
It was
272
00:03:24,750 --> 00:03:25,291
interesting to
273
00:03:25,291 --> 00:03:27,000
see that a lot of
274
00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:27,500
animals are
275
00:03:27,500 --> 00:03:28,666
tested for, say,
276
00:03:28,666 --> 00:03:29,208
the double X
277
00:03:29,208 --> 00:03:29,916
chromosome if
278
00:03:29,916 --> 00:03:30,375
they think that
279
00:03:30,375 --> 00:03:31,250
they're a female
280
00:03:31,250 --> 00:03:32,000
or a male. And
281
00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:32,458
then once you
282
00:03:32,458 --> 00:03:33,000
know that there's
283
00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:33,333
two X
284
00:03:33,333 --> 00:03:34,166
chromosomes, you
285
00:03:34,166 --> 00:03:34,583
don't do any
286
00:03:34,583 --> 00:03:35,125
further testing.
287
00:03:35,166 --> 00:03:36,125
It wasn't until
288
00:03:36,125 --> 00:03:36,916
Carla figured,
289
00:03:37,125 --> 00:03:37,500
hey, look,
290
00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:37,875
there's something
291
00:03:37,875 --> 00:03:38,375
here that
292
00:03:38,375 --> 00:03:39,000
suggests that
293
00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:39,916
this may also be
294
00:03:39,916 --> 00:03:41,250
male. And so they
295
00:03:41,250 --> 00:03:41,416
did further
296
00:03:41,416 --> 00:03:42,208
testing, tested
297
00:03:42,208 --> 00:03:43,041
for that Y gene
298
00:03:43,041 --> 00:03:43,500
and found out
299
00:03:43,500 --> 00:03:44,291
that is double X
300
00:03:44,291 --> 00:03:45,416
Y. That's a
301
00:03:45,416 --> 00:03:46,083
really cool thing
302
00:03:46,083 --> 00:03:46,583
to do. It doesn't
303
00:03:46,583 --> 00:03:47,416
happen often. It
304
00:03:47,416 --> 00:03:47,958
just goes. I
305
00:03:47,958 --> 00:03:48,833
wonder how many
306
00:03:48,833 --> 00:03:49,541
individuals that
307
00:03:49,541 --> 00:03:50,208
we missed that
308
00:03:50,208 --> 00:03:50,625
could have been
309
00:03:50,625 --> 00:03:51,916
intersex, but we
310
00:03:51,916 --> 00:03:52,541
didn't further
311
00:03:52,541 --> 00:03:53,333
test. Right. We
312
00:03:53,333 --> 00:03:53,916
just tested for
313
00:03:53,916 --> 00:03:54,416
one side. We
314
00:03:54,416 --> 00:03:54,875
said, oh, it's
315
00:03:54,875 --> 00:03:55,458
got an X Y
316
00:03:55,458 --> 00:03:56,333
chromosome or
317
00:03:56,333 --> 00:03:57,250
it's got a double
318
00:03:57,250 --> 00:03:57,875
X chromosome. It
319
00:03:57,875 --> 00:03:58,541
must be females,
320
00:03:58,791 --> 00:03:59,208
must be male,
321
00:03:59,208 --> 00:03:59,833
depending on the
322
00:03:59,833 --> 00:04:00,166
chromosome
323
00:04:00,166 --> 00:04:00,833
configuration.
324
00:04:01,166 --> 00:04:01,708
Really simple
325
00:04:01,708 --> 00:04:02,750
stuff. Sometimes
326
00:04:02,750 --> 00:04:03,375
it's missed in
327
00:04:03,375 --> 00:04:04,125
science because, you know, why bother with that?
328
00:04:04,333 --> 00:04:06,041
You just assume
329
00:04:06,041 --> 00:04:06,458
that's going to
330
00:04:06,458 --> 00:04:06,958
happen. This is
331
00:04:06,958 --> 00:04:07,791
why we test as we
332
00:04:07,791 --> 00:04:08,958
continue to test.
333
00:04:08,958 --> 00:04:09,625
So kudos to Carla
334
00:04:09,625 --> 00:04:10,208
for doing that
335
00:04:10,208 --> 00:04:10,625
and really
336
00:04:10,625 --> 00:04:11,458
opening the eyes
337
00:04:11,458 --> 00:04:11,833
of other
338
00:04:11,833 --> 00:04:12,458
scientists to be
339
00:04:12,458 --> 00:04:13,083
like, hey, maybe
340
00:04:13,083 --> 00:04:13,916
we do see more
341
00:04:13,916 --> 00:04:14,333
intersect
342
00:04:14,333 --> 00:04:15,083
individuals, but
343
00:04:15,083 --> 00:04:15,708
we just don't
344
00:04:15,708 --> 00:04:16,208
know. We just
345
00:04:16,208 --> 00:04:16,958
don't test for
346
00:04:16,958 --> 00:04:17,750
them. So maybe
347
00:04:17,750 --> 00:04:18,500
that will be
348
00:04:18,500 --> 00:04:19,416
something to test
349
00:04:19,416 --> 00:04:20,083
for in the future
350
00:04:20,083 --> 00:04:21,041
as well as the
351
00:04:21,041 --> 00:04:21,666
other samples
352
00:04:21,666 --> 00:04:22,083
that have been
353
00:04:22,083 --> 00:04:23,291
preserved of that
354
00:04:23,291 --> 00:04:24,083
population to see
355
00:04:24,083 --> 00:04:24,541
if that is
356
00:04:24,541 --> 00:04:25,750
something that is
357
00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:26,458
normal. Now these
358
00:04:26,458 --> 00:04:27,583
species that are
359
00:04:27,583 --> 00:04:28,416
intersect tend
360
00:04:28,416 --> 00:04:29,208
not to be
361
00:04:29,208 --> 00:04:30,458
reproductive. So
362
00:04:30,458 --> 00:04:30,833
some of the
363
00:04:30,833 --> 00:04:31,250
reproductive
364
00:04:31,250 --> 00:04:31,791
organs that have
365
00:04:31,791 --> 00:04:32,541
been seen in the
366
00:04:32,541 --> 00:04:33,125
past, like in bottlenose dolphin, they're not.
367
00:04:33,166 --> 00:04:35,375
They've been seen
368
00:04:35,375 --> 00:04:36,500
in porpoises.
369
00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:36,916
They've been seen
370
00:04:36,916 --> 00:04:38,208
in seals often
371
00:04:38,208 --> 00:04:39,333
have both
372
00:04:39,333 --> 00:04:39,875
reproductive
373
00:04:39,875 --> 00:04:40,541
organs, but
374
00:04:40,541 --> 00:04:41,000
they're not fully
375
00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:41,791
developed. So
376
00:04:41,791 --> 00:04:42,500
indicating that
377
00:04:42,500 --> 00:04:43,041
they're not
378
00:04:43,041 --> 00:04:43,875
reproductive.
379
00:04:43,875 --> 00:04:44,625
However, we don't
380
00:04:44,625 --> 00:04:45,041
know if they're
381
00:04:45,041 --> 00:04:45,291
actually
382
00:04:45,291 --> 00:04:45,833
reproductive or
383
00:04:45,833 --> 00:04:46,208
not. We just
384
00:04:46,208 --> 00:04:47,166
assume based on
385
00:04:47,166 --> 00:04:47,833
the development
386
00:04:47,833 --> 00:04:48,625
that we see in
387
00:04:48,625 --> 00:04:49,083
front of us and
388
00:04:49,083 --> 00:04:49,666
scientists see in
389
00:04:49,666 --> 00:04:50,125
front of us. I've
390
00:04:50,125 --> 00:04:50,708
never done this
391
00:04:50,708 --> 00:04:51,166
type of study
392
00:04:51,166 --> 00:04:52,000
before. That's
393
00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:52,875
why I'm talking
394
00:04:52,875 --> 00:04:53,375
about it because
395
00:04:53,375 --> 00:04:53,875
I think it's kind
396
00:04:53,875 --> 00:04:54,833
of cool. But so
397
00:04:54,833 --> 00:04:55,458
that's something
398
00:04:55,458 --> 00:04:56,083
that we need to
399
00:04:56,083 --> 00:04:56,833
find out more
400
00:04:56,833 --> 00:04:57,541
about. Right.
401
00:04:57,541 --> 00:04:58,041
Because intersect
402
00:04:58,041 --> 00:04:59,000
species have been
403
00:04:59,000 --> 00:04:59,958
around for quite
404
00:04:59,958 --> 00:05:00,583
some time. We've
405
00:05:00,583 --> 00:05:01,000
seen them in
406
00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:01,125
freshwater systems are actually prolific. Freshwater
systems are actually very important.
407
00:05:01,166 --> 00:05:01,500
Freshwater
408
00:05:01,500 --> 00:05:02,208
systems are
409
00:05:02,208 --> 00:05:02,666
actually prolific
410
00:05:02,666 --> 00:05:03,208
freshwater
411
00:05:03,208 --> 00:05:04,375
systems studies
412
00:05:04,375 --> 00:05:05,041
by the US
413
00:05:05,041 --> 00:05:05,875
Geological Survey
414
00:05:05,875 --> 00:05:07,041
revealed that the
415
00:05:07,041 --> 00:05:07,625
male smallmouth
416
00:05:07,625 --> 00:05:08,208
bass in
417
00:05:08,208 --> 00:05:09,041
Pennsylvania is
418
00:05:09,041 --> 00:05:10,916
Suska Hana. Suska
419
00:05:10,916 --> 00:05:11,375
Hana. I think
420
00:05:11,375 --> 00:05:12,208
it's Suska Hana.
421
00:05:12,208 --> 00:05:12,833
Maybe I'm not
422
00:05:12,833 --> 00:05:13,083
sure the
423
00:05:13,083 --> 00:05:13,708
pronunciation of
424
00:05:13,708 --> 00:05:14,291
that. I apologize
425
00:05:14,291 --> 00:05:15,583
in Delaware and
426
00:05:15,583 --> 00:05:16,750
Ohio River basins
427
00:05:16,750 --> 00:05:17,166
exhibited
428
00:05:17,166 --> 00:05:18,708
immature eggs in
429
00:05:18,708 --> 00:05:19,458
their testes.
430
00:05:19,458 --> 00:05:20,333
This intersex
431
00:05:20,333 --> 00:05:21,041
condition is
432
00:05:21,041 --> 00:05:21,458
believed to
433
00:05:21,458 --> 00:05:22,125
result from
434
00:05:22,125 --> 00:05:22,916
exposure to
435
00:05:22,916 --> 00:05:23,291
endocrine
436
00:05:23,291 --> 00:05:23,708
disrupting
437
00:05:23,708 --> 00:05:24,500
chemicals. So
438
00:05:24,500 --> 00:05:24,875
things that
439
00:05:24,875 --> 00:05:25,541
happen in the
440
00:05:25,541 --> 00:05:26,083
environment such
441
00:05:26,083 --> 00:05:27,000
as pesticides and
442
00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:28,041
hormones that
443
00:05:28,041 --> 00:05:28,916
enter waterways
444
00:05:28,916 --> 00:05:29,125
through agricultural runoff and water.
445
00:05:29,166 --> 00:05:29,500
Through
446
00:05:29,500 --> 00:05:30,041
agricultural
447
00:05:30,041 --> 00:05:31,000
runoff and
448
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:31,541
wastewater
449
00:05:31,541 --> 00:05:32,708
discharges. So
450
00:05:32,708 --> 00:05:34,000
amphipods and
451
00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:34,291
environmental
452
00:05:34,291 --> 00:05:34,875
stressors have
453
00:05:34,875 --> 00:05:35,500
also been
454
00:05:35,500 --> 00:05:36,208
discovered. So in
455
00:05:36,208 --> 00:05:36,458
the marine
456
00:05:36,458 --> 00:05:36,916
environment
457
00:05:36,916 --> 00:05:37,875
intersects
458
00:05:37,875 --> 00:05:38,625
occurrences have
459
00:05:38,625 --> 00:05:39,500
been observed in
460
00:05:39,500 --> 00:05:40,208
species like the
461
00:05:40,208 --> 00:05:41,166
amphipod. The
462
00:05:41,166 --> 00:05:42,291
Aquino Gameras
463
00:05:42,291 --> 00:05:43,625
marineis long
464
00:05:43,625 --> 00:05:44,500
term monitoring
465
00:05:44,500 --> 00:05:45,125
in Northwest
466
00:05:45,125 --> 00:05:46,291
Brittany recorded
467
00:05:46,291 --> 00:05:46,708
intersex
468
00:05:46,708 --> 00:05:47,500
individuals and
469
00:05:47,500 --> 00:05:48,000
frequencies
470
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:48,791
ranging between
471
00:05:48,791 --> 00:05:51,333
0.87% to 12%.
472
00:05:51,833 --> 00:05:52,416
Notably the
473
00:05:52,416 --> 00:05:53,250
incidence of
474
00:05:53,250 --> 00:05:54,250
intersex increase
475
00:05:54,250 --> 00:05:55,125
with distance
476
00:05:55,125 --> 00:05:56,125
from the sea.
477
00:05:56,166 --> 00:05:56,958
Suggested
478
00:05:56,958 --> 00:05:57,208
environmental
479
00:05:57,208 --> 00:05:58,333
factors including
480
00:05:58,333 --> 00:05:58,750
endocrine
481
00:05:58,750 --> 00:05:59,250
disrupting
482
00:05:59,250 --> 00:06:00,166
compounds and
483
00:06:00,166 --> 00:06:00,541
freshwater
484
00:06:00,541 --> 00:06:01,500
stressors may
485
00:06:01,500 --> 00:06:02,333
play a role in
486
00:06:02,333 --> 00:06:02,708
triggering
487
00:06:02,708 --> 00:06:03,416
intersex
488
00:06:03,416 --> 00:06:04,250
conditions. So
489
00:06:04,250 --> 00:06:05,500
again being close
490
00:06:05,500 --> 00:06:07,041
to humans not
491
00:06:07,041 --> 00:06:07,708
always great for
492
00:06:07,708 --> 00:06:08,875
animals. So
493
00:06:08,875 --> 00:06:09,416
having those
494
00:06:09,416 --> 00:06:09,791
endocrine
495
00:06:09,791 --> 00:06:10,458
disruptors
496
00:06:10,458 --> 00:06:11,583
present can
497
00:06:11,583 --> 00:06:12,166
really change
498
00:06:12,166 --> 00:06:13,083
somebody and
499
00:06:13,083 --> 00:06:14,333
change an animal.
500
00:06:14,333 --> 00:06:14,750
We're not just
501
00:06:14,750 --> 00:06:15,125
being facetious with that.
502
00:06:15,166 --> 00:06:16,333
That's just not
503
00:06:16,333 --> 00:06:16,958
me saying that.
504
00:06:16,958 --> 00:06:17,458
That's true. This
505
00:06:17,458 --> 00:06:17,833
is what the
506
00:06:17,833 --> 00:06:18,375
evidence kind of
507
00:06:18,375 --> 00:06:19,500
shows. So we know
508
00:06:19,500 --> 00:06:20,041
that there are
509
00:06:20,041 --> 00:06:21,083
animals that are
510
00:06:21,083 --> 00:06:21,958
out there in the
511
00:06:21,958 --> 00:06:22,125
marine
512
00:06:22,125 --> 00:06:22,625
environment that
513
00:06:22,625 --> 00:06:23,416
will change sexes
514
00:06:23,416 --> 00:06:24,666
depending on the
515
00:06:24,666 --> 00:06:25,333
environment. So
516
00:06:25,333 --> 00:06:26,541
some fish like
517
00:06:26,541 --> 00:06:27,625
clownfish will
518
00:06:27,625 --> 00:06:28,416
change their sex
519
00:06:28,416 --> 00:06:29,000
if there's no
520
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:30,208
other females
521
00:06:30,208 --> 00:06:31,000
around. So a male
522
00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:31,583
will turn to a
523
00:06:31,583 --> 00:06:32,666
female so that it
524
00:06:32,666 --> 00:06:33,541
can reproduce and
525
00:06:33,541 --> 00:06:33,791
it can
526
00:06:33,791 --> 00:06:34,125
have babies.
527
00:06:34,166 --> 00:06:35,208
The survival of
528
00:06:35,208 --> 00:06:35,625
the fittest is
529
00:06:35,625 --> 00:06:36,291
the genetic
530
00:06:36,291 --> 00:06:37,333
material that
531
00:06:37,333 --> 00:06:38,333
continues to
532
00:06:38,333 --> 00:06:39,083
persist in
533
00:06:39,083 --> 00:06:39,708
clownfish that
534
00:06:39,708 --> 00:06:40,208
allows them to
535
00:06:40,208 --> 00:06:41,041
survive for so
536
00:06:41,041 --> 00:06:41,666
long. So if it's
537
00:06:41,666 --> 00:06:42,291
just males that
538
00:06:42,291 --> 00:06:43,125
are around and
539
00:06:43,125 --> 00:06:43,458
there are no
540
00:06:43,458 --> 00:06:44,416
females one male
541
00:06:44,416 --> 00:06:45,166
will turn into a
542
00:06:45,166 --> 00:06:46,291
female and then
543
00:06:46,291 --> 00:06:47,291
that female will
544
00:06:47,291 --> 00:06:48,125
reproduce with
545
00:06:48,125 --> 00:06:48,833
all the males and
546
00:06:48,833 --> 00:06:49,333
then you know
547
00:06:49,333 --> 00:06:49,958
they'll have
548
00:06:49,958 --> 00:06:50,666
their babies
549
00:06:50,666 --> 00:06:51,750
their larva and
550
00:06:51,750 --> 00:06:52,458
it'll grow into
551
00:06:52,458 --> 00:06:53,125
some lots more clownfish.
552
00:06:53,166 --> 00:06:54,250
It's really
553
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:55,125
interesting to
554
00:06:55,125 --> 00:06:55,625
hear these
555
00:06:55,625 --> 00:06:56,500
different types
556
00:06:56,500 --> 00:06:57,541
of evolutionary
557
00:06:57,541 --> 00:06:59,083
factors that help
558
00:06:59,083 --> 00:07:00,291
animals survive
559
00:07:00,291 --> 00:07:00,750
in the
560
00:07:00,750 --> 00:07:01,125
environment
561
00:07:01,125 --> 00:07:01,750
whether it's a
562
00:07:01,750 --> 00:07:02,500
freshwater or
563
00:07:02,500 --> 00:07:02,791
marine
564
00:07:02,791 --> 00:07:03,958
environment. So
565
00:07:03,958 --> 00:07:04,833
that's always
566
00:07:04,833 --> 00:07:05,583
something that is
567
00:07:05,583 --> 00:07:06,583
interesting. Now
568
00:07:06,583 --> 00:07:07,083
there are
569
00:07:07,083 --> 00:07:08,208
different ways to
570
00:07:08,208 --> 00:07:09,166
detect intersex.
571
00:07:09,166 --> 00:07:09,666
So it could be
572
00:07:09,666 --> 00:07:10,250
from genetic
573
00:07:10,250 --> 00:07:10,708
material which
574
00:07:10,708 --> 00:07:11,166
doesn't always
575
00:07:11,166 --> 00:07:11,708
happen or it
576
00:07:11,708 --> 00:07:12,208
could just be
577
00:07:12,208 --> 00:07:12,666
from mixed
578
00:07:13,166 --> 00:07:13,500
animal tissue
579
00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:14,333
such as ovarian
580
00:07:14,333 --> 00:07:15,041
and testicular
581
00:07:15,041 --> 00:07:16,500
tissue within the
582
00:07:16,500 --> 00:07:17,500
actual bodies.
583
00:07:17,958 --> 00:07:18,208
The individuals
584
00:07:18,208 --> 00:07:18,833
have either
585
00:07:18,833 --> 00:07:19,791
underdeveloped or
586
00:07:19,791 --> 00:07:20,291
nonfunctional
587
00:07:20,291 --> 00:07:20,958
reproductive
588
00:07:20,958 --> 00:07:21,416
organs which
589
00:07:21,416 --> 00:07:22,166
suggest they are
590
00:07:22,166 --> 00:07:23,041
unlikely to
591
00:07:23,041 --> 00:07:24,791
produce. The EAU
592
00:07:24,791 --> 00:07:25,875
10B which is the
593
00:07:25,875 --> 00:07:26,958
intersex southern
594
00:07:26,958 --> 00:07:27,250
right whale that
595
00:07:27,250 --> 00:07:28,250
really capped off
596
00:07:28,250 --> 00:07:28,750
this story
597
00:07:28,750 --> 00:07:29,333
discovered in
598
00:07:29,333 --> 00:07:30,666
1999. They had
599
00:07:30,666 --> 00:07:31,333
the XXY
600
00:07:31,333 --> 00:07:32,583
chromosomal set
601
00:07:32,583 --> 00:07:33,333
up but there's no
602
00:07:33,333 --> 00:07:34,083
indication that
603
00:07:34,083 --> 00:07:35,125
it reproduced and
604
00:07:35,125 --> 00:07:35,708
this chromosomal
605
00:07:35,708 --> 00:07:36,666
combination is
606
00:07:36,666 --> 00:07:36,916
typically
607
00:07:36,916 --> 00:07:37,500
associated with
608
00:07:37,500 --> 00:07:38,166
infertility and
609
00:07:38,166 --> 00:07:38,833
other mammals
610
00:07:38,833 --> 00:07:40,208
including humans.
611
00:07:40,208 --> 00:07:40,750
So this is not
612
00:07:40,750 --> 00:07:41,125
just something
613
00:07:41,125 --> 00:07:41,958
that happens in
614
00:07:41,958 --> 00:07:42,166
southern right whales or in southern right whales.
615
00:07:43,166 --> 00:07:44,541
It can actually
616
00:07:44,541 --> 00:07:45,125
happen in
617
00:07:45,125 --> 00:07:46,291
intersects in fin
618
00:07:46,291 --> 00:07:46,708
whales was
619
00:07:46,708 --> 00:07:47,416
reported with
620
00:07:47,416 --> 00:07:48,333
both seses and
621
00:07:48,333 --> 00:07:49,500
uterus but no
622
00:07:49,500 --> 00:07:49,833
functional
623
00:07:49,833 --> 00:07:50,333
reproductive
624
00:07:50,333 --> 00:07:51,125
output was
625
00:07:51,125 --> 00:07:52,125
recorded in
626
00:07:52,125 --> 00:07:52,833
harbor purposes
627
00:07:52,833 --> 00:07:53,375
as I mentioned
628
00:07:53,375 --> 00:07:54,291
earlier some
629
00:07:54,291 --> 00:07:54,750
intersex
630
00:07:54,750 --> 00:07:55,458
individuals had
631
00:07:55,458 --> 00:07:56,041
both male and
632
00:07:56,041 --> 00:07:56,833
female tissue but
633
00:07:56,833 --> 00:07:57,708
again no evidence
634
00:07:57,708 --> 00:07:58,375
supporting that
635
00:07:58,375 --> 00:07:58,833
reproduction
636
00:07:58,833 --> 00:07:59,125
was found.
637
00:07:59,166 --> 00:08:00,875
So it's a hard
638
00:08:00,875 --> 00:08:01,708
thing to find out
639
00:08:01,708 --> 00:08:02,541
because we don't
640
00:08:02,541 --> 00:08:03,416
really see when
641
00:08:03,416 --> 00:08:04,708
males and females
642
00:08:04,708 --> 00:08:05,750
reproduce on the
643
00:08:05,750 --> 00:08:06,250
regular. We do
644
00:08:06,250 --> 00:08:07,000
have that video
645
00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:07,708
that I talked
646
00:08:07,708 --> 00:08:08,250
about a couple
647
00:08:08,250 --> 00:08:09,375
months ago where
648
00:08:09,375 --> 00:08:10,250
you know somebody
649
00:08:10,250 --> 00:08:10,875
caught it on
650
00:08:10,875 --> 00:08:11,625
photographs a
651
00:08:11,625 --> 00:08:11,875
series of
652
00:08:11,875 --> 00:08:12,500
photographs of
653
00:08:12,500 --> 00:08:13,041
two humpback
654
00:08:13,041 --> 00:08:13,375
whales
655
00:08:13,375 --> 00:08:14,291
reproducing
656
00:08:14,291 --> 00:08:15,125
mating off the
657
00:08:15,125 --> 00:08:15,916
coast of Maui and
658
00:08:15,916 --> 00:08:16,583
so that was kind
659
00:08:16,583 --> 00:08:17,500
of cool to see.
660
00:08:17,750 --> 00:08:18,208
But we don't
661
00:08:18,208 --> 00:08:19,000
often get that
662
00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:19,500
and a lot of
663
00:08:19,500 --> 00:08:20,208
times the
664
00:08:20,208 --> 00:08:20,666
intersex
665
00:08:20,666 --> 00:08:21,208
conditions are
666
00:08:21,208 --> 00:08:21,791
only discovered
667
00:08:21,791 --> 00:08:22,458
after death
668
00:08:22,458 --> 00:08:23,125
during the crop
669
00:08:23,125 --> 00:08:23,916
seas. So
670
00:08:23,916 --> 00:08:24,583
scientists rarely
671
00:08:24,583 --> 00:08:25,375
have a chance to
672
00:08:25,375 --> 00:08:25,666
study the
673
00:08:25,666 --> 00:08:26,291
behavior or
674
00:08:26,291 --> 00:08:27,125
reproduction over
675
00:08:27,125 --> 00:08:27,666
time. So it's
676
00:08:27,666 --> 00:08:28,125
really difficult to see. But I just think that's a good thing.
677
00:08:28,166 --> 00:08:29,416
I just thought it
678
00:08:29,416 --> 00:08:30,208
was a cool thing
679
00:08:30,208 --> 00:08:31,041
to bring to you
680
00:08:31,041 --> 00:08:32,458
as a way to
681
00:08:32,458 --> 00:08:33,083
understand
682
00:08:33,083 --> 00:08:33,583
species
683
00:08:33,583 --> 00:08:34,458
understand what
684
00:08:34,458 --> 00:08:35,291
is happening in
685
00:08:35,291 --> 00:08:36,250
the oceans how we
686
00:08:36,250 --> 00:08:37,083
are affecting the
687
00:08:37,083 --> 00:08:38,125
oceans and how
688
00:08:38,125 --> 00:08:38,500
we're affecting
689
00:08:38,500 --> 00:08:39,083
the species that
690
00:08:39,083 --> 00:08:39,583
live in it
691
00:08:39,583 --> 00:08:40,125
through
692
00:08:40,125 --> 00:08:40,791
disrupting
693
00:08:40,791 --> 00:08:41,291
endocrine systems
694
00:08:41,291 --> 00:08:42,541
that can change
695
00:08:42,541 --> 00:08:43,083
the hormonal
696
00:08:43,083 --> 00:08:44,041
balance within
697
00:08:44,041 --> 00:08:44,916
animals but also
698
00:08:44,916 --> 00:08:45,416
the way they
699
00:08:45,416 --> 00:08:46,250
naturally evolve
700
00:08:46,250 --> 00:08:47,458
into being able
701
00:08:47,458 --> 00:08:48,125
in some species
702
00:08:48,125 --> 00:08:48,833
being able to
703
00:08:48,833 --> 00:08:49,541
change from male
704
00:08:49,541 --> 00:08:50,708
to female and
705
00:08:50,708 --> 00:08:51,291
there's also the
706
00:08:51,291 --> 00:08:51,833
case of
707
00:08:51,833 --> 00:08:52,958
pharmaceuticals
708
00:08:52,958 --> 00:08:53,250
which again
709
00:08:53,250 --> 00:08:53,500
probably
710
00:08:53,500 --> 00:08:54,000
endocrine
711
00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:55,000
disruptors that
712
00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:55,583
get into our
713
00:08:55,583 --> 00:08:56,375
river systems
714
00:08:56,375 --> 00:08:57,125
just from what we've been ingesting.
715
00:08:57,166 --> 00:08:59,166
Right. This is
716
00:08:59,166 --> 00:08:59,541
like typical
717
00:08:59,541 --> 00:09:00,125
stuff that we
718
00:09:00,125 --> 00:09:01,000
ingest whether it
719
00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:01,916
be you know pain
720
00:09:01,916 --> 00:09:02,750
pills whether it
721
00:09:02,750 --> 00:09:03,583
be reproductive
722
00:09:03,583 --> 00:09:04,708
blocking pills or
723
00:09:04,708 --> 00:09:05,250
anything like
724
00:09:05,250 --> 00:09:06,041
that that can go
725
00:09:06,041 --> 00:09:06,541
through our
726
00:09:06,541 --> 00:09:07,583
system and that
727
00:09:07,583 --> 00:09:08,250
will actually end
728
00:09:08,250 --> 00:09:08,875
up in the river
729
00:09:08,875 --> 00:09:09,375
systems like
730
00:09:09,375 --> 00:09:09,666
through a
731
00:09:09,666 --> 00:09:10,208
plumbing in the
732
00:09:10,208 --> 00:09:10,833
river systems
733
00:09:10,833 --> 00:09:11,833
that can affect
734
00:09:11,833 --> 00:09:12,458
fish that's why
735
00:09:12,458 --> 00:09:13,083
we see a lot of
736
00:09:13,083 --> 00:09:14,000
freshwater fish
737
00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:15,291
being affected by
738
00:09:15,291 --> 00:09:15,833
this either
739
00:09:15,833 --> 00:09:16,791
intersex or other
740
00:09:16,791 --> 00:09:18,166
type of I say
741
00:09:18,166 --> 00:09:19,041
just differences
742
00:09:19,041 --> 00:09:20,125
in morphologies.
743
00:09:20,166 --> 00:09:21,208
So it's a cool
744
00:09:21,208 --> 00:09:22,208
study to look at.
745
00:09:22,208 --> 00:09:22,916
It's really great
746
00:09:22,916 --> 00:09:23,583
to identify and
747
00:09:23,583 --> 00:09:24,375
talk about it.
748
00:09:24,375 --> 00:09:25,291
We're only just
749
00:09:25,291 --> 00:09:25,666
scratching the
750
00:09:25,666 --> 00:09:26,458
surface with this
751
00:09:26,458 --> 00:09:27,208
type of stuff as
752
00:09:27,208 --> 00:09:28,208
we normally are
753
00:09:28,208 --> 00:09:28,500
when we're
754
00:09:28,500 --> 00:09:28,833
discovering
755
00:09:28,833 --> 00:09:29,500
something new.
756
00:09:29,791 --> 00:09:30,083
But I thought it
757
00:09:30,083 --> 00:09:30,500
was really great
758
00:09:30,500 --> 00:09:31,000
to bring it to
759
00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:31,416
you. I'd love to
760
00:09:31,416 --> 00:09:31,750
hear your
761
00:09:31,750 --> 00:09:32,583
thoughts on this.
762
00:09:32,583 --> 00:09:33,041
Leave a comment
763
00:09:33,041 --> 00:09:33,666
below if you're
764
00:09:33,666 --> 00:09:34,500
watching this on
765
00:09:34,500 --> 00:09:34,791
YouTube.
766
00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:36,041
And if you are
767
00:09:36,041 --> 00:09:36,500
listening to this
768
00:09:36,500 --> 00:09:36,875
on another
769
00:09:36,875 --> 00:09:37,875
platform, please
770
00:09:37,875 --> 00:09:38,625
hit me up on
771
00:09:38,625 --> 00:09:39,541
Instagram at how
772
00:09:39,541 --> 00:09:40,166
to protect the
773
00:09:40,166 --> 00:09:41,083
ocean. That's at
774
00:09:41,083 --> 00:09:41,708
how to protect
775
00:09:41,708 --> 00:09:42,125
the ocean. I want
776
00:09:42,125 --> 00:09:42,541
to thank you so
777
00:09:42,541 --> 00:09:43,000
much for joining
778
00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:43,500
me on today's
779
00:09:43,500 --> 00:09:44,125
episode of the
780
00:09:44,125 --> 00:09:44,500
how to protect
781
00:09:44,500 --> 00:09:44,791
the ocean
782
00:09:44,791 --> 00:09:45,416
podcast. Have a
783
00:09:45,416 --> 00:09:45,875
great day. We'll
784
00:09:45,875 --> 00:09:46,208
talk to you in a
785
00:09:46,208 --> 00:09:47,250
happy
786
00:09:47,250 --> 00:09:47,666
conservation.
